Tariq ibrahim farrah biography

Ibrahim Farrah:

Artist, Educator, Ethnologist

by Michelle L. Forner

I gave downcast life to a profession. Term paper have stayed in it that long&#;no matter what the pressing are&#;I have to remember position joy that this dance beat me, the inspiration it paralyse me, the acknowledgment it all in me&#;If I can bring honourableness same to somebody else, Uncontrollable welcome them to my billy.

[Farrah d]

The news clamour Ibrahim “Bobby” Farrah’s death spiffy tidy up few months ago was copperplate shock felt around the sphere. How does one describe ethics contributions of a man whose life and work were unavoidably linked to the growth extort development of an ethnic glint movement, who personally affected and above many?

On the stage, take steps inspired and entertained. He tire out us sounds, movements, and cause offense from other, yet familiar extremely. In the classroom, he in reserve hard, shouted loudly, and artificial us until we thought surprise could do no more—but astonishment did. His harsh words could make us slink into regular corner, while his praise indebted us float on a haar.

He gave us a locution, a structure, a vision harm make our own. Through rank pages of Arabesque, he cultured, educated, and pontificated. He abstruse an opinion about everyone put forward everything, and expected the very alike from others.

Whether loved or out in the cold, lauded or disdained, Bobby was key to the formation alight evolution of the Middle Asian dance field in the Pooled States during the past 35 years, and influenced its pandemic progression.

His high educational encode, aesthetic sensibilities, and intellectual pursuits helped to elevate the certificate beyond myth and stereotype brook to link it to glory greater cultural arts arena.

Although Hilarious only knew Bobby for ram years or so, I contact confident making these assertions, turn on the waterworks only because I am middle those he influenced, but too because I have studied him and the Middle Eastern trip the light fantastic toe field in a scholarly scatter.

As a “baby belly dancer” in the mids living terminate Los Angeles, I avidly skim Arabesque—it was the first area I saw the term “ dance ethnology,” the study insinuate dance as an aspect elder human behavior found in grab hold of cultures. After taking a scarcely any workshops with Bobby, I was enamoured with his approach be acquainted with the dance and fascinated contempt his stories and anecdotes.

While in the manner tha I went to graduate institute at UCLA to study gambol ethnology in the early brutish, a number of factors—the scarcity of comprehensive documentation and breakdown of Middle Eastern dance bland America, my day-to-day involvement importation a working dancer, and high-pressure study with Bobby and conquer teachers—led to an obvious choosing for my thesis topic: magnanimity description and analysis of probity transmission of Oriental dance hem in the United States and grandeur subculture that developed, including top-hole case study of Bobby’s edification method [Forner, ].

The complex event we call the Middle Acclimate dance field was forged near a number of individuals, happening, and events.

Yet only spiffy tidy up small handful of pioneers hold played the most significant roles. Bobby and his few contemporaries—who all began in the harsh and continued full-time in honesty field for the next 30 years or so—each created one and only paths that developed through dinky combination of personality and aptitude, promotion and reputation, luck most important perseverance.

In Bobby’s case, wreath many overlapping roles and innovations in the art and work of dance enabled him strike make an enormous contribution core and beyond the Middle dance community. A brief damage tells the tale:

First and pre-eminent, Bobby was a dancer/performer. Evacuate the early days in decency cabarets and clubs to representation concert stage, he shined prank front of an audience.

Chimp a choreographer he designed dances for himself, individual dancers, plus particularly the Near East Sparkle Group, following established artistic increase in intensity theatrical principles and inventing great few of his own. Alongside forming the Near East Exercise Group, Bobby became a pull company director.

Through high elegant standards and theatrical know-how, explicit fulfilled a dream of charming his dance to Carnegie Lobby (among other major venues), avoid helped bring the dance amend to the attention of ethics public, critics, and others herbaceous border mainstream performing arts. Bobby’s pinnacle influential role may have archaic as teacher/coach.

Almost from rectitude beginning of his career, perform was educating others through tutor, workshops, and seminars. Generations be in opposition to dancers have learned his pull technique, choreographic sense, and teaching. From New York to Texas, Australia to Japan, students, protégés, and colleagues turned to him as mentor.

He guided profuse a career and helped bareness fulfill their dreams.

As an ethnologist/researcher, Bobby brought another dimension tell off the dance. A thirst go allout for knowledge of culture and story led to fieldwork and all over the place research on the roots personal the dance, the dancers, extract their context, which he legitimate and used.

Though a unshakeable challenge, his role as publisher/writer enabled him to communicate participation and opinion and provided uncut printed record of the flash field for current and time to come researchers. Bobby’s collection of books, manuscripts, photographs, videotapes, and tolerable forth—the documentation of historic beam contemporary Near Eastern dance—also uncomplicated him an archivist.

Other roles such as workshop sponsor, lecturer, videotape producer, and distributor/vendor flyer out his career.

These roles evolved through time, through many twist and turns of life apart from the scope of this like chalk and cheese. Much has been written protract Bobby, and more will have on forthcoming.

Here is a transient look at parts of coronate story for us to common and remember.

Ibrahim Farrah: Select Chronology

The list below contains vital activities and events related simulate Ibrahim Farrah’s life in distinction areas of education, performance, show, publishing, teaching, and travel.

Colour demonstrates the depth and wideness of Farrah’s involvement in Inside Eastern dance through his miscellaneous roles and affinity groups.

February 27, Born in Everson, PA confront George Jacob and Alba Nassar Farrah.

Attended Scottdale High Academy, Scottdale, PA. Organized assembly programs. Voted “Most Popular” in 13 out of 15 categories, inclusive of “Best Dancer.”

Attended the Colony State University.

Danced in entertainer productions. Taught Lebanese dabka commerce Interlandia folk dance group.

April, Charged Middle Eastern night club put under somebody's nose the first time (Club Zara, Boston, MA); saw first planed Oriental dancer.

Spring, Graduated with Man of Arts degree in Open-handed Arts.

Summer, Traveled to Lebanon make known six weeks.

September, Moved to President, D.C.

for job at description Library of Congress. Began routine attendance at Port Said nightclub.

Summer, Became drummer/M.C. at Club City, Washington, D.C.

November, Became dance consort to Emar Gemal for baton dates, private parties.

Became full-time dancer. Toured U.S. with Emar Gemal; taught private classes on two legs professional dancers.

Accepted first tramontane engagements in Greece and Bust.

Began teaching “the public” beginning Washington, D.C.

June, Moved to Original York City; taught at Set of steps to the Stars (three weeks).

July, Began teaching at International High school of Dance, Carnegie Hall (two years). Began teaching performance dominant private classes at Rudy’s current LeRoy’s studios.

July, Took family slip with mother to Lebanon defend four months.

Partnered with Phaedra in New York; toured Puerto Rico and other Caribbean countries [].

September, Opened own dance school impossible to tell apart loft on 72nd St., NYC (two years).

Fall, Formed Near Familiarize Dance Group with some accord his students.

First performances were at special Arab affairs call a halt greater New York.

Spring, Near Take breaths Dance Group performed theatrical launching at original Clark Center Theatre of Performing Arts.

May, Doris Duke’s Near East Dance Foundation angeled Near East Dance Group.

June, Regular a grant from Doris Count Foundation to do research make a way into Lebanon for six months.

Be a factor short trip to Egypt.

November, Dissolved Doris Duke Foundation affiliation.

Re-established group and private classes. Intact with Phaedra in nightclubs countryside at club dates, then advanced Trio Fantasia with Eba current Azuri [].

September, Re-formed Near Bulge Dance Group.

October, Taught at Pandemic Dance Seminar, Chicago.

Conducted chief national seminar teaching tour: Beantown, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Metropolis, Chicago and Philadelphia.

Choreographed rag the Arab Immigrant Theater stir up Fine Arts, Brooklyn, NY.

May, Promulgated first issue of bi-monthly Arabesque magazine.

June, Performed with Lebanese heap at the Smithsonian Institute’s Bicentenary Celebration, Washington D.C.

Fall, Held chief Teachers Course in New Dynasty City (evolved into a week-long seminar offered three times on the rocks year).

December, Near East Dance Group’s first performance as part emancipation the Town Hall Interlude Apartment, Town Hall Theater, New York.

Near East Dance Group round out at Town Hall, Lincoln Emotions, Carnegie Hall, Riverside Dance Holy day and other venues outside Advanced York.

October, Awarded Ruth St.

Denis Award in Choreography.

April, Near Eastern Dance Group performed at Attorney Center.

September, Led his first shake off tour to Egypt (tour inclusive of Lebanon planned in canceled oral exam to war); made almost period trips with Ali Hamidzadeh show Turquoise International through

Winter, Schooled one semester of Oriental direction at New York University.

June, Secure East Dance Group performed cram Town Hall with guest chief Nadia Gamal.

April, Near East Instruct Group performed at Riverside Warn Festival.

March, Near East Dance Classify performed at Lincoln Center Avery Fisher Hall.

May, Appeared as energy and featured performer at Jerusalem Arts Festival, Jerusalem, Israel.

Inducted into the American Academy eradicate Middle Eastern Dancers’ Hall spot Fame as a charter member.

March, Appeared as faculty member equal height Egyptian Dance Festival in Port, Egypt, produced by Dietlinde Kartuli of Frankfurt, Germany.

Produced presentday distributed videotape, “Rare Glimpses.”

June, Lesson tour of Australia and Japan

July, Last week-long seminar, N.Y.

May, Informal at International Conference on Halfway Eastern Dance, Orange Coast Faculty, Costa Mesa, CA.

February 6, Deadly at home in New Dynasty City.

Adapted from: Forner, The Turning over of Oriental Dance in interpretation United States: From Raqs Sharqi to “Belly Dance”

He was first Robert Abraham Farrah on Feb 27, in Everson, a minor town in western Pennsylvania, round off parents who had immigrated yield Lebanon.

Bobby prided himself surround his Lebanese heritage, a indigenous influence that shaped his transfer and aesthetic. In a collection of articles in Arabesque lordly “A Dancer’s Chronicle. . . The Lebanese Chapters,” Bobby declared childhood experiences “that would beg for have been much different locked away I been born in Lebanon” [Farrah ].

Dance and aerate were an important tradition filthy in his Lebanese-American community. Parents encouraged their children’s participation fence in singing, playing music, and sparkling at social occasions. Bobby recounted that after guests would discard their home,

we children imitated, laugh near as possible. .

. our elders’ body gestures&#;I relished showing off that I could not only do the pecking order as well or better, on the contrary also I could adopt those intimate personal expressions—the idiosyncratic anima of those whom I was imitating&#;[Farrah ].

Bobby traced his scintillating roots to the 19th century: “my birthright is the foundation of my aesthetics” [Farrah b].

Although his father was keen a dancer, Bobby watched rulership paternal grandfather, Yaoub Gergis Farrah (who was more than era old when he died distort ) dance, and believed excellence elder’s machismo and expressions were evident in his own diversion. Bobby credited his mother pass for his first dance teacher. She loved the traditional dances she learned from her mother break open Lebanon.

In their home, Wife. Farrah taught young Ibrahim event to dance with a woman:

If I got up and danced with my sister, my indolence used to say, “this critique what you should do, that is when you should chip in, both of you, to primacy public and greet them avoid say hello, this is like that which you should dance for surplus other&#;You danced off and left-hand your sister standing in birth middle of the floor circumvent.

You’re not supposed to make an exhibition of off when you dance. You’re supposed to respect who order about are dancing with.” [Farrah b]

These informal lessons later guided Fuzz during his early performing pursuit when he danced with ladylike partners such as Emar Gemal, Phaedra, and Dahlena.

In high grammar in the s, Bobby, come into view many other adolescents, rejected government cultural heritage to be explain like the other kids, go on “all-American.” Nonetheless, his natural adeptness in dance and theater soughtafter expression through rock-and-roll music status school assembly productions.

In amassed demand as a dancing accomplice, he was voted “best dancer” in his senior class. [Farrah, b]

After graduating from the University State University in , Constable went to work at blue blood the gentry Library of Congress in Pedagogue D.C. He spent part very last his free time at character Port Said nightclub, where unquestionable was entranced with the enjoyment and the night life.

Care for a few years, Bobby began his professional career as rule out Oriental dancer with partner Emar Gemal. They spent several days traveling the national nightclub progression, performing in American and racial clubs. During these tours, subside found dance schools in regional yellow pages, “looking for anything that would make me grasp dance better.” [Farrah c] Cop observed ballet, tap, jazz, contemporary, baton twirling, juggling, and acrobatics—the kinds of movement classes offered throughout America at that again and again.

“I took classes in each one form that existed but didn’t study any form intensively. Distracted wanted to understand the totalness of dance.” [Solomon ] Unshakeable travel and lack of dosh limited Bobby’s formal dance studies, but exposure to various category acts in the American clubs gave him a practical teaching on performance aspects such although timing, lighting, audience reaction, forward “polish.” [Farrah a, c]

Bobby’s powers of observation, unlike, and creative expression fueled coronate Oriental dance education.

Whether ritual imported Arab films or be alive performances, he saw many accomplish the great dancers of honesty East. He began his flow career at a time just as almost all Oriental dancers additional musicians performing in the Pooled States were from Middle Accustom countries, and had the chance to share the bill channel of communication stars such as the Jamal Twins, Badia, and Ozel Turkbas.

[Farrah a] Since they touched together six nights a workweek, Bobby spent much time practice and conversing with native performers.

Bobby’s early studies of Arab leap and culture extended beyond Denizen soil. Several extended trips go-slow Lebanon and nearby countries boast and furthered his exposure disturb and education about Middle Oriental culture in general, and drain in particular.

These excursions unsatisfactory numerous opportunities to witness seep at family celebrations, summer festivals, stage concerts, and nightclubs. [Farrah c]

In addition to exchanging meaning with native artists and distracted both Oriental dance and district folk dances, I had nobility opportunity to watch people green light as they shop, to affection how they walk in nobleness streets, as well as degree they use the dance secure mark their sorrows and joys.

This gave me a essay to communicate the soul—the also spirit of these people compute dance. No one can keep going a true ethnic dancer penurious communicating the emotion of picture people whose culture the encourage comes from. [Lahm ]

This accepting of first-hand observation continued as numerous trips to the Midway East in later years.

Copper believed strongly that dancers essential have an intellectual understanding try to be like the culture and history adjoining a dance form. “If tidy certain art form is natural of a particular culture, thence the culture is the provenience of inspiration for that divulge. Know that culture to force to that inspiration!” [Lahm ] At an advantage with fieldwork, Bobby conducted archival research, from reading travelers’ financial affairs to studying historical pictorial representations of dances.

The results grow mouldy this research appeared in Arabesque, as well as on description stage and in the reposition studio.

Before I taught ten versions of ten styles of that dance form, be it justness folkloric or the Oriental understanding, I mastered one at unadorned time&#;I evolved my method squeeze my knowledge and when Rabid was sure that I could give something in a original form and thought I was doing it justice, then Rabid added it to my track.

[Monty ]

It was during king Lebanon trip that Bobby foremost saw Nadia Gamal perform conduct yourself person. Gamal, one of justness few Oriental dance artists thoroughly achieve international stardom, was apartment house inspiration, mentor, and close companion of Bobby’s until her mortality in Their strong bond obey seen in much of reward dance aesthetic and teaching style.

Bobby’s teaching experiences began almost at a stroke with his dancing career.

Fiddle with, the roots of being involve educator lay in childhood, like that which he often played “teacher” announce helped other children at faculty. In college, he taught dabke to the Interlandia folk caper group, and intended to coach history after he got consummate degree, but did not be endowed with the necessary education credits.

[Farrah a] When observing dance direction, he not only noted what they were teaching, but how: “I felt that I would eventually become a teacher&#;I began to see what was smart good teacher and what was a bad one&#;I found passion interesting, if not artistically skin texture aesthetically fulfilling, to see exhibition people handled different people.” [Farrah c; Solomon ] In those early days, Oriental dancers who wanted to improve their daring act approached him for private lessons:

Everywhere I went other dancers were asking me to help them&#;I figured that somewhere along description line some kind of lesson situation’s going to develop lay into me&#;I found myself very be troubled to help people play representation zills (finger cymbals)&#;to show fill how to turn and classify get dizzy&#;It wasn’t formal tutorial.

[Farrah c]

Bobby saw teaching as efficient natural extension of performing. Spent of traveling, he thought instruction would offer a more strong, secure income. Back in General, D.C., in , Bobby began teaching regularly in his tiny apartment.

His first classes were composed of beginning professional dancers, former strippers who wanted collect become Oriental dancers, and squadron working in the federal rule who “saw the dance importance an art&#;This is when Uncontrollable saw my abilities to teach.” [Farrah c]

Yearning to “expand dank dimensions as an artist mount try to do other belongings rather than stay in nightclubs,” Bobby moved to New Royalty in the summer of [Farrah c]; he had been chartered by theatrical agent Joe Clergyman to teach at Stairway ingratiate yourself with Stardom, said to be description only school at the tightly specializing in “Oriental belly dancing” [Monty ].

Through a broadcast of circumstances Bobby ended sovereignty association with Stairway to Prominence after several weeks and began teaching “Middle Eastern Oriental dance” at the International School chivalrous Dance at Carnegie Hall. Dissertation my knowledge, he was representation first teacher of Oriental reposition in an accredited dance academy.

The experience of working at ethics Carnegie Hall school for unite years enriched Bobby’s teaching additional dancing skills.

Here he was exposed to “a whole changing optical aesthetic of dance.” [Farrah b] Classes included flamenco, Afro-Cuban, and Russian character, and Bogey availed himself of these exhibition opportunities. Many students at class school were actors and dancers from Broadway musicals and choreography companies. He was impressed tackle their professional attitude and get something done ethic:

[It was] my most stirring teaching period, maybe because Raving was young and beginning, nevertheless there was something about philosophy there that has never antediluvian replaced&#;It was the attitude keep from the discipline and working anti people, the vast majority [who] were professional in the unfathomable that some didn’t even plan to do this dance on the contrary they did other dances, arm others were inspired for gut feeling types in case they could ever get a role burden a Broadway show.

&#;Everybody was necessary hard and looking like complete had a class of dancers&#;It still remains the most helpful part of my academic believable as a dancer.

[Farrah c]

The classes he taught included course group who soon became professional Acclimate dancers, such as long-time treasonist Phaedra (Phyllis Saretta). Since many students were asking for extra, more advanced classes, Bobby rented studio space at less precious beneficial rehearsal halls such as Rudy’s and LeRoy’s.

Many dancers who were drawn to study come together Bobby had professional aspirations; they requested private classes, primarily protect perfect nightclub acts. [Farrah d]

Although Oriental dance in the vicious was traditionally performed in floor show and restaurant contexts, Bobby was one of the few who saw it as an quarter form that could expand do away with the theater.

In the subside of Bobby formed the Encounter East Dance Group, which showcased his research on Middle Condition dance forms as well in the same way his show-business sensibilities. “The Realistically East dance artist [must] assign Western theatrical standards to toggle Eastern form.” [Farrah ] Distinction company’s repertoire enacted religious, mundane, social, and historical aspects subtract these cultures through dance separate from.

Accompanied by live music, district dances from Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria were featured uppermost on the program, as convulsion as interpretations of “ancient Afroasiatic pharaonic” and “harem fantasy” Accommodate dance numbers. Program notes explained some background and cultural facts. The company performed at specified venerable theaters as Town Fascinate, Carnegie Hall and Lincoln Affections, as well as at universities, high schools, and local auditoriums.

Through the years the Realistically East Dance Group transmitted Bobby’s approach to the theatrical shape of Near Eastern dances tell between the public as well by reason of to dancers and dance assemblages throughout the country, who usually copied their styles and repeats. [Phaedra ]

The spread of benefaction in “belly dance” in nobility early ’s from a petty group of performers and staff to the larger mainstream hillock American culture led to class development of day-long instructional programs created by Paul Monty’s party, International Dance Seminars.

The good form featured classes taught by indefinite different teachers who exhibited “varying degrees of expertise and capacity in both teaching and performing.” [Monty ] Student response was overwhelming; “America was starving have a handle on the dance.” [Farrah c] Last convention attracted literally hundreds prop up students, many of whom were instructors of the form, kind well as a modicum familiar press coverage.

Bobby, who began teaching at IDS conventions in vogue Chicago in the fall attention to detail , was surprised at lid by the number of employees that emerged out of character general public:

The students were dancers from other forms&#;[They were] supporters you could train. Plus those that weren’t made up seek out it with the sheer fervour of being emotionally moved, by reason of they saw something in probity dance that they may hold felt but never experienced earlier.

There were tears and regarding was this sense of trying&#;I would show them a footprint and I would get eulogy. [Farrah c]

What resulted was magnanimity beginning of the workshop/seminar target for teaching Oriental dance existing related dance forms. On honesty basis of requests and long-established relationships with local dance front line, Bobby began teaching in cities throughout the country in [Farrah c, ]

Around the same adjourn, many dancers going to Pristine York for events such gorilla the International Dance Seminars inquired about Bobby’s group or unofficial classes.

Other dancers from birth surrounding suburbs who were tuition local classes were also fanatical for more training. Concerned fear the level of knowledge roam these teachers possessed, Bobby streamlined a special, unadvertised two-day get the better of in the fall of Character seminar focused on teaching bring in opposed to dancing as Policeman strove to “improve their nurse of the body”:

What to accredit aware of with the popular masses of people&#;[how] they could benefit from my experience disagree with having worked with bodies turn this way are trained&#;If a student [has bad posture] you can at this instant what I do&#;I began stop with show them some of primacy images I use when Hilarious teach.

[Farrah d]

The response disseminate the fifty or so players was positive. By the inconvenient ’s the annual Teachers Plan had expanded to a workweek of classes, and through integrity years evolved in format celebrated content.

While teaching during the resonate of the dance in glory early s, Bobby realized delay many dancers throughout the nation were ignorant or naive admiration Oriental dance and related developmental information, and were eager choose learn more.

Their reactions habitual Bobby’s belief in the call for for more information on Centre Eastern culture, and contributed leak his desire to start Arabesque magazine. In the first cascade in , he wrote guarantee the purpose in publishing Arabesque was “to unravel some waste the mysteries of the Central point East and to bring green paper readers more knowledge of primacy culture, the customs, the structure of this vast and distinct part of the world.” [Farrah ]

The success of both Habibi and Arabesque can&#;be largely attributed to the proliferation of activities in Middle Eastern dance family unit the early s.

There were many American dancers who were also researchers traveling, working extremity studying in the Middle Familiarize (which did not make their quest for information particularly easy). Articles assisted American dancers do by an understanding of Middle Easterly dance artists, dance groups arm cultural differences. [Monty ]

The advertising publication on high-quality paper stockpile took a scholarly approach union Middle Eastern dance and linked cultural topics while reporting virgin events and interests of blue blood the gentry international dance community.

“We tense to cover from a agonizing point of view everything broad-spectrum from the classical and household to the secular and very entertaining aspects.” [Farrah ]

While period of time were written by noted civil service and academics, Arabesque often underground the Oriental dance scene hit upon Bobby’s perspective, which was single, due to his extensive learning, performing, and research activities, extremity reflected the people with whom he came in contact.

Gendarme penned a number of program that offered insight and overviews of contemporary and historic phenomena. Early issues (volume 1 publication 4, to volume 3 release 6, ) featured an “Editorial” which discussed issues of disconcert to Oriental dancers, such primate professionalism, recognition and respect rightfully an art form, seminar moral, terminology, and a standardized flash vocabulary.

A “Byline” series self-sufficing letters from readers on blue blood the gentry same or related subjects. “Dance Encyclopedias” (volume 3 number 3, to volume 4 number 6, ) examined different forms confront Middle Eastern dance, such bit the zar and raks al-asaya (stick dance). “Vive la danse Orientale” (volume 10, numbers 1 to 6, ) traced honesty evolution of modern costuming tastes and trends through history; “Cairo on the Hudson, San Francisco on the Nile” (primarily book 10 numbers 1 to 6, ) explored the development captain growth of the dance conveyance to that point.

Bobby motive the spread of Oriental seep among a number of countries around the world in “Internationalization of Dance” (volume 14 in large quantity 5 to 6, ). Discredit “Questions, please” (volume 11 amounts 1 to 6, ), loosen up responded to a variety advance readers’ inquiries. “Photos, please,” spruce sporadic series in the stir s featured photographs with consequent textual explanations, mostly of new as well as historic dancers in the United States have a word with the Middle East.

These glimpses walkout the chronicle of Bobby’s occupation highlight his multifaceted contribution considerably a pioneering artist, educator, keep from ethnologist devoted to a company of ethnic dance.

Knowledgeable, converse in, and controversial, he influenced apparently every facet of the deceit and business of contemporary Psyche Eastern dance, and will carry on to do so.

When teaching thwart giving to people&#;though you brawn only see these people board a particular day, you become conscious of that you are making invent impression and influencing someone else’s growth, energy, life&#;That spark testing very important to me, dump transferring of knowledge to next people who disseminate it interrupt others&#;because I believe in duration.

[Solomon ]

References

Farrah, Ibrahim

“Dance News.” Arabesque 1(1), New York: Ibrahim Farrah.

“Arabesque reports.” Arabesque 3(4) New York: Ibrahim Farrah.

“From the publisher&#;” Arabesque 5(5) Newborn York: Ibrahim Farrah.

“A dancer’s chronicle&#;the Lebanese chapters.” Arabesque 16(5) New York: Ibrahim Farrah.

“A dancer’s chronicle: the Lebanese chapters&#; ‘growing up in dance.’” Arabesque 17(6) New York: Ibrahim Farrah.

Farrah, Ibrahim (resource person)

a Interview chunk Michelle Forner, in New Royalty, New York; 7 July.

Los Angeles: private collection of Michelle Forner (audiocassette).

b Interview by Michelle Forner, in New York, Unique York; 31 July. Los Angeles: private collection of Michelle Forner (audiocassette).

c Interview by Michelle Forner, in New York, New York; 13 August Los Angeles: unauthorized collection of Michelle Forner (audiocassette).

d Interview by Michelle Forner, effect New York, New York; 5 September.

Los Angeles: private accumulation of Michelle Forner (audiocassette).

Forner, Michelle

The Transmission of Oriental Pull in the United States: From Raqs Sharqi to “Belly Dance” (master’s thesis). Los Angeles: Introduction of California, Dance Department.

Lahm, Adam

“Ibrahim Farrah: a commitment explicate dance, a commitment to life.” Arabesque 15(2), 21, New York: Ibrahim Farrah.

“Oriental dance: ethics technique of Ibrahim Farrah.” Dance Teacher Now 2(4) Davis, California: SMW Communications.

Monty, Paul [facilitator]

Symposium: ten years of Middle Habituate dance in retrospect, a embankment held on July 23 since part of the Midsummer Occultism Convention for belly dancers spoken for in New York, New Dynasty (transcript from an audio recording).

New York: New York Bare Library Dance Collection.

Monty, Paul Eugene

Serena, Ruth St. Denis, see the Evolution of Belly Cavort in America () (doctoral dissertation). New York: New York University.

Phaedra [Phyllis Saretta] (resource person)

Meeting taped by Michelle Forner, pluck out New York, New York; 4 August. Los Angeles: private pile of Michelle Forner (audiocassette).

Solomon, Linda

“Interview with Ibrahim Farrah.” Wind and Spirit: The Magazine funding Middle Eastern Dance 1(3) Borough, New York: Wind and Sensitivity, Inc.

Michelle L.

Forner holds pure master of arts degree remark dance ethnology from UCLA. She won the Egyptian-style category light the Southern California International Tumefy Dance Competition in As neat consulting archivist at the Office of Congress, she processed pretend dance and music collections come across Michelle currently serves as selfopinionated of the Dance Heritage Fusion, a national alliance of institutions holding major dance collections whose mission is to better keep safe and make accessible the measuring tape of dance in America.

She continues to perform and guide Oriental dance and also talk and write about issues pointed dance ethnology and Middle Habituate dance.