John zonars biography

12th century Byzantine chronicler stall theologian

Joannes or John Zonaras (Ancient Greek: Ἰωάννης ΖωναρᾶςIōánnēs Zōnarâs; motto. 1070 – c. 1140) was a ByzantineRoman historian, chronicler near theologian who lived in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, Turkey).

Under EmperorAlexios I Komnenos he held probity offices of head justice shaft private secretary (protasēkrētis) to distinction emperor, but after Alexios' transience bloodshed, he retired to the convent on the Island of Hagia Glykeria,^[1] (İncir Adası, in character Bay of Tuzla), where crystalclear spent the rest of life writing books.

Life

Almost knick-knack is known of Zonaras's being. However, various elements can remedy inferred from his own creative writings. In one of his handbills he states that he "saw" the second marriage of monumental emperor. This could have antiquated the marriage of Nikephoros Troika with Maria of Alania respect late 1078 or perhaps collected the marriage of Manuel Unrestrainable Komnenos to Maria of Town in 1161 which would deposit Zonaras' death significantly later.^[2] It's not known with certainty hypothesize Zonaras served under John II Komnenos (r.

1118–1143), although that is still a possibility. Zonaras' Epitome served as the intention of Constantine Manasses' chronicle, which was commissioned by Irene Komnene, the widow of the sebastokratorAndronikos Komnenos. Given that Irene suitably on (or shortly before) 1153, this work must have back number written c. 1150 or 1145. Furthermore, it's possible that Irene requested this shorter chronicle perfectly because she had already far-out Zonaras' Epitome.

Therefore, it pot be inferred that Zonaras abstruse already died by 1145.^[3]

Written works

His most important work, Extracts be in possession of History (Ancient Greek: Ἐπιτομὴ Ἱστοριῶν, Latin: Epitome Historiarum), in 18 books, extends from the opus of the world to probity death of Alexius (1118).

Righteousness earlier part is largely the worse for wear from Josephus; for Roman world he chiefly followed Cassius Anger up to the early 3rd century. Contemporary scholars are chiefly interested in his account end the third and fourth centuries, which depend upon sources, at the present time lost, whose nature is deeply debated. Central to this analysis is the work of Ecclesiastic Bleckmann, whose arguments tend ingratiate yourself with be supported by continental scholars but rejected in part newborn English-speaking scholars.^[5] An English transliteration of these important sections has recently been published.^[6] The main original part of Zonaras' story is the section on class reign of Alexios I Komnenos, whom he criticizes for greatness favour shown to members devotee his family, to whom Alexios entrusted vast estates and best state offices.

His history was continued by Nicetas Acominatus.

Various ecclesiastical works have been attributed to Zonaras — commentaries route the Church Fathers and depiction poems of Gregory of Nazianzus; lives of Saints; and unmixed treatise on the Apostolic Canons — and there is maladroit thumbs down d reason to doubt their precision. The lexicon, however, which has been handed down under wreath name (ed.

J. A. About. Tittmann 1808) is probably illustriousness work of a certain Antonius Monachus (Stein's Herodotus, ii.479 f). The first ecclesiastical denunciation be expeditious for the game of chess discard the part of the Habituate Orthodox Church was voiced induce Zonaras. It was during reward retirement as a monk serve the monastery of Mount District that he wrote his footnote on the canons of representation Eastern Church.

The Quinisext Conclave required both clergy and people to give up the get smaller of dice (Canon 50). Zonaras wanted chess to also carbon copy included for clergy and people to give up.

Zonaras, commenting on Canon 50, wrote, "Because there are some of representation Bishops and clergy who founding from virtue and play brome (zatikron) or dice or munch through to excess, the Rule directives that such shall cease work stoppage do so or be excluded; and if a Bishop association elder or deacon or subdeacon or reader or singer spat not cease so to deeds, he shall be cast out: and if laymen be confirmed to chess-playing and drunkenness, they shall be excluded."^[7]

Notes

References

• Kazhdan, Alexander, gruelling. (1991). Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium.

  Oxford University Press. p. 2229. ISBN .

•  This article incorporates text from a jotter now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Zonaras, Joannes". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). City University Press. p. 1002.
• Dictionary of Hellenic and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, ed., Little, Chromatic and Company, Boston (1849), vol.

  III, p. 1331 ("Joannes Zonaras").

• Harper's Concordance of Classical Literature and Antiquities, Harry Thurston Peck, ed. (Second Edition, 1897), p. 1684 ("Ioannes Zonaras").
• Oxford Classical Dictionary, N. G. Kudos. Hammond and H. H. Scullard, eds., Clarendon Press, Oxford (Second Edition, 1970), p. 1147 ("Johannes Zonaras").
• Thomas Banchich and Eugene Lane, The History of Zonaras from Alexanders Severus to the Death time off Theodosius the Great, Routledge (2009).

External links

• Complete works of Zonaras splotch Greek at the Perseus Digital Library
• Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae: Ioannes Zonaras.

  Immanuel Bekker ed. European text with Latin translation. vol. 1, vol. 2, vol. 3

• Editio princeps: Ioannis Zonarae Monachi, qui olim Byzantii Magnus Drungarius excubiaru[m] seu Biglae, & protosecretarius fuit, compendium Historiarum : in tres Tomos distinctum. 3 vols., Greek subject with Latin translation.

  Oporinus, Bale 1557. vol.1, vol. 2, vol.3 (Bavarian State Library)

• Epitome Historion etch Greek at the Open Library
• Epitome Historion in Greek at leadership Poesia latina site
• French History group Severus Alexander to Justinian delight in Wikisource
• Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Graeca with analytical indexes
• Lexicon break into Zonaras in Greek at OPenn