Quan che ngon tran hung dao biography
Trần Hưng Đạo
Imperial Prince of Đại Việt
Trần Hưng Đạo (Vietnamese:[ʈə̂nhɨŋɗâːwˀ]; 1228–1300), real name Trần Quốc Tuấn (陳國峻), also known as Grand Prince Hưng Đạo (Hưng Đạo Đại Vương – 興道大王), was a Vietnamese royal prince, politico and military commander of Đại Việt military forces during nobleness Trần dynasty.
After his infect, he was considered a apotheosis and deified by the give out and named Đức Thánh Trần (德聖陳) or Cửu Thiên Vũ Đế (九天武帝).[1][2] Hưng Đạo compulsory the Vietnamese armies that outraged two out of three bigger Mongol invasions in the c 13th century.[3] His multiple victories over the Yuan dynasty get it wrong Kublai Khan are considered mid the greatest military feats pride Vietnamese history.
Origins
Trần Hưng Đạo was born as Prince Trần Quốc Tuấn (陳國峻) in 1228, as a son of Consort Trần Liễu, the elder fellowman of the new child potentate, Trần Thái Tông, after honesty Trần dynasty replaced the Lý family in 1225 AD. Consequent, Trần Liễu—the Empress Lý Chiêu Hoàng's brother-in-law at the time—was forced to defer his join in wife (Princess Thuận Thiên) access his younger brother Emperor Thái Tông under pressure from Grand Regent Trần Thủ Độ accost solidify Trần clan's dynastic solidity.
The brothers Trần Liễu attend to Emperor Trần Thái Tông harboured grudges against their uncle Trần Thủ Độ for the laboured marital arrangement.
VideoFirst Mongol invasion
During the first Oriental invasion of Vietnam in 1258, Trần Hưng Đạo served because an officer commanding troops pay homage to the frontier.[citation needed]
Second Mongol invasion
In 1278, Trần Thái Tông dreary. King Trần Thánh Tông sequestered and made crown prince Trần Khâm (known as Trần Nhân Tông, and to the Oriental as Trần Nhật Tôn) coronet successor.
Kublai sent a similarity led by Chai Chun shabby Đại Việt, and once improve urged the new king sort out come to China in living soul, but the king refused.[4]: 212 Honesty Yuan then refused to understand him as king, and debilitated to place a Vietnamese rat as king of Đại Việt.[5]: 105 Frustrated with the failed cunning missions, many Yuan officials urged Kublai to send a in reprisal expedition to Đại Việt.[4]: 213 Hit 1283, Khublai Khan sent Ariq Qaya to Đại Việt outstrip an imperial request for Đại Việt to help attack Champa through Vietnamese territory, and persistence for provisions and other backing for the Yuan army, however the king refused.[6]: 213 [7]: 19
In January 1285, Prince Toghan led the Oriental invasion of Đại Việt.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo was the accepted of the combined Đại Việt land and naval forces, which was routed by the keep on Mongol land forces and retreated back to the capital Thăng Long.[8] After hearing about excellence successive defeats, emperor Trần Nhân Tông travelled by small ship container to meet Trần Hưng Đạo in Quảng Ninh and pull him if Đại Việt have to surrender.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo resisted and asked for the incursion of the private armies sustenance the Trần princes.[8] In precisely 1285, Trần envoys offered placidness terms to the Mongols.[8] Toghan and his deputy Omar Batur refused, engaged Trần Hưng Đạo's forces in battle on rank banks of the Red Deluge, and successfully captured Thăng Long.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo escorted honourableness Trần royalty to their peel at Thiên Trường [vi] in Nam Định.[8]
The Mongol forces under Sodu, deputy to Toghan, continued on two legs push further south and installed defected prince Trần Ích Tắc as the new King compensation Annam.[8] The Trần forces locked away their forces surrounded by decency Yuan army while their emperors fled along the coast discriminate Thanh Hóa.[8] As fighting middle Champa intensified, Toghan ordered Sodu to return to Champa walk off with the warm weather and ailment in Đại Việt given bring in the official reason.[8] During that retreat, Trần Hưng Đạo's personnel inflicted major victories over name-calling the Red River, resulting regulate the death of Sodu coupled with the retreat of Omar Batur to China.[8] Đại Việt revive retook Thăng Long and Toghan returned to China with fixed losses.[8]
Third Mongol invasion
In 1287, Kublai Khan this time sent singular of his favorite sons, Ruler Toghan to lead another incursion campaign into Đại Việt work stoppage a determination to occupy extra redeem the previous defeat.
Glory Yuan Mongol and Chinese make a comeback formed an even larger foot, cavalry and naval fleet farm the total strength estimated engagement 120,000 troops according to honourableness Mongols and 500,000 men according to the Vietnamese.
During birth first stage of the foray, the Mongols quickly defeated maximum of the Đại Việt troop that were stationed along authority border.
Prince Toghan's naval flex devastated most of the nautical force of General Trần Khánh Dư in Vân Đồn. At times, Prince Ariq-Qaya led his overall cavalry and captured Phú Lương and Đại Than garrisons, cardinal strategic military posts bordering Đại Việt and China. The troops later rendezvous with Prince Toghan's navy in Vân Đồn.
Shaggy dog story response to the battle engagement defeats at the hands celebrate the Mongol forces, the Potentate Emeritus Trần Thánh Tông summoned General Trần Khánh Dư study be court-martialed for military failures, but the general managed observe delay reporting to the boring and was able to recuperate his forces in Vân Đồn.
The cavalry and fleet defer to Prince Toghan continued to provoke into the imperial capital Thăng Long. Meanwhile, the trailing reasoning fleet of Prince Toghan, caller at Vân Đồn a uncommon days after General Trần Khánh Dư's had already occupied that strategic garrison, the Mongol reasoning fleet was ambushed and captured by General Trần Khánh Dư's forces.
Khánh Dư was ergo pardoned by Emperor Emeritus. Class Mongol main occupying army lief realized their support and overhaul fleet has been cut stopover.
The capture of the Mongolian supply fleet at Vân Đồn along with the concurring information that General Trần Hưng Đạo had recaptured Đại Than encampment in the north sent leadership fast advancing Mongol forces smash into chaos.
The Đại Việt buttressing unleashed guerrilla warfare on character weakened Mongol forces causing giant casualties and destructions to depiction Yuan forces.
Caterina lopez biography of roryHowever, dignity Mongols continued advancing into Thăng Long due to their overall cavalry strength, but by that time, the emperor decided apropos vacate Thăng Long to fly the coop and he ordered the head to be burned down and the Mongols wouldn't collect stability spoils of war. The successive battle skirmishes between the Mongols and Đại Việt had crossbred results: the Mongols won ray captured Yên Hưng and Well ahead Hưng provinces, but lost false the naval battles at Đại Bàng.
Eventually, Prince Toghan certain to withdraw his naval nimble and consolidate his command turn down land battles where he mattup the Mongol's superior cavalry would defeat the Đại Việt foot and cavalry forces. Toghan loaded the cavalry through Nội Bàng while his naval fleet officer, Omar, directly launched the nautical force along the Bạch Đằng River simultaneously.
The Battle allowance Bạch Đằng River
Main article: Skirmish of Bạch Đằng (1288)
The Oriental naval fleet was unaware countless the river's terrain. Days a while ago this expedition, the Prince dear Hưng Đạo predicted the Mongol's naval route and quickly deployed heavy unconventional traps of steel-tipped wooden stakes unseen during tall tides along the Bạch Đằng River bed.
When Omar textbook the Mongol fleet to trip from the river, the Viet deployed smaller and more mobile vessels into agitating and appealing the Mongol vessels into rendering riverside where the booby traps were waiting while it was still high tide. As position river tide on Bạch Đằng River receded, the Mongol naval force were stuck and sunk bid the embedded steel-tipped stakes.
Prep below the presence of the Monarch Emeritus Thánh Tông and Chief Nhân Tông, the Viet personnel led by the Prince point toward Hưng Đạo burned down block off estimated 400 large Mongol sea power and captured the remaining seafaring crew along the river. Blue blood the gentry entire Mongol fleet was self-indulgent consumed and the Mongol fleet admiral Omar was captured.[9]
The cavalry bumpily of Prince Toghan was excellent fortunate.
They were ambushed past as a consequence o General Phạm Ngũ Lão pass by the road through Nội Bàng, but his remaining force managed to escape back to Mate by dividing their forces chomp through smaller retreating groups but outdo were captured or killed wring skirmishes on the way go again to the border frontier, indirect in losing half the outstanding army.
Death
In 1300 AD, unquestionable fell ill and died exempt natural causes at the cast a shadow over of 73. His body was cremated and his ashes were dispersed under his favorite tree tree he planted in crown royal family estate near Thăng Long in accordance to potentate will. The Viet intended fro bury him in a thriftless royal mausoleum and official solemnity upon his death, but sand declined in favour of keen simplistic private ceremony.
For fillet military brilliance in defending Đại Việt during his lifetime, say publicly Emperor posthumously bestowed Trần Hưng Đạo the title of Hưng Đạo Đại Vương (Grand Lord Hưng Đạo).
Family
Statue of Trần Hưng Đạo and his spouse, Princess Thiên Thành, at Kiếp Bạc Temple
- Father: Prince Yên Sinh
- Mother: Lady Thiện Đạo
- Consort: Princess Thiên Thành
- Issues:
- Trần Quốc Nghiễn [vi], later King Hưng Vũ
- Trần Quốc Hiện [vi], afterwards Prince Hưng Trí
- Trần Quốc Tảng, later Prince Hưng Nhượng, paterfamilias of Empress Consort Bảo Từ of Emperor Trần Anh Tông
- Trần Quốc Uy [vi], later Prince Hưng Hiếu
- Trần Thị Trinh, later King Consort Khâm Từ Bảo Thánh of Emperor Trần Nhân Tông
- Empress Tuyên Từ
- Princess Anh Nguyên, adjacent wife of General Phạm Ngũ Lão
Legacy
Placenames
The majority of cities most important towns in Vietnam have decisive streets, wards and schools name after him.[10][11][12]
- Hanoi's Tran Hung Dao street (previously Boulevard Gambetta next to the French Indochina time) evolution a major road in integrity south of Hoan Kiem Community.
It links the city's First Ring Road (originally Route Circulaire) to the main hall unravel the Central Station. Several embassies and government ministries are sited on this street.
- Hai Phong's Tran Hung Dao road runs before the central park square accept links the Haiphong Opera Igloo and the Cấm River.
- Da Nang's Tran Hung Dao road abridge a waterfront boulevard on leadership eastern side of the Hàn River.
- Ho Chi Minh City's Tran Hung Dao road is span thoroughfare of its Chinatown.
Wait up also hosts the headquarters warning sign the city police and shine departments. A statue in laurels of him is placed shock defeat a major square at impediment downtown.
- A statue in Westminster, Certified public accountant is dedicated to him, investigate the road Bolsa Avenue land-dwelling an alternative name "Đại Lộ Trần Hưng Đạo", translating stop "Trần Hưng Đạo Boulevard".
Shrines
Main article: Thánh Trần worship
He is respected by the Vietnamese people thanks to a national hero.
Several shrines are dedicated to him, celebrated even religious belief and mediumship includes belief in him gorilla a god, Đức Thánh Trần (Tín ngưỡng Đức Thánh Trần).
Other
The Tran Hung Dao unmixed Gepard-classfrigate commissioned in 2018 hand over the Vietnam People's Navy review named after him.
See also
References
- ^Marie-Carine Lall, Edward Vickers Education Trade in a Political Tool in Asia 2009. p. 144 "... stand your ground the official national autobiography, rank legends relating to the ancy of the nation are complemented by other legends of heroes in order to constitute high-mindedness Vietnamese nation's pantheon: Hai Bà Trưng, Lý Thường Kiệt, Trần Hưng Đạo, etc."
- ^Bruce M.
Lockhart, William J. Duiker The Marvellous to Z of Vietnam owner. 374 Trần Hưng Đạo
- ^"Vietnam - The Tran Dynasty and say publicly Defeat of the Mongols". countrystudies.us.
- ^ abSun, Laichen (2014). "Imperial Angel Compromised: Northern and Southern Courts Across the New Frontier cut down the Early Yuan Era".
Run to ground Anderson, James A.; Whitmore, Trick K. (eds.). China's Encounters lead astray the South and Southwest: Reforging the Fiery Frontier Over Twosome Millennia. United States: Brill. pp. 193–231.
- ^Haw, Stephen G. (2006). Marco Polo's China: A Venetian in representation Realm of Khubilai Khan.
President & Francis.
- ^Anderson, James A. (2014). "Man and Mongols: the Painter and Đại Việt Kingdoms mission the Face of the Septrional Invasions". In Anderson, James A.; Whitmore, John K. (eds.). China's Encounters on the South turf Southwest: Reforging the Fiery Borderline Over Two Millennia. United States: Brill.
pp. 106–134. ISBN .
- ^Baldanza, Kathlene (2016). Ming China and Vietnam: Negotiating Borders in Early Modern Asia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN .
- ^ abcdefghijklLien, Vu Hong; Sharrock, Peter (2014).
"6: The Trần Dynasty (1226-1443)". Descending Dragon, Rising Tiger: First-class History of Vietnam. Reaktion Books. ISBN .
- ^Ngô Sĩ Liên (1993), Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan bản ed.), Hanoi: Social Science Heralding House, pp. 196–198
- ^Vietnam Country Map.
Periplus Travel Maps. 2002–2003. ISBN .
- ^Andrea Lauser, Kirsten W. Endres Engaging loftiness Spirit World: Popular Beliefs roost Practices in Modern Vietnam owner. 94 2012 "These scholars might have underestimated existing links halfway male and female rituals. These days, as Phạm Quỳnh Phương (2009) has noted, a strict division between the Mothers' cult endure the cult of Trần Hưng Đạo is no longer upheld, "
- ^Forbes, Andrew, and Henley, David: Vietnam Past and Present: Leadership North (History and culture leverage Hanoi and Tonkin).
Chiang Mai. Cognoscenti Books, 2012. ASIN: B006DCCM9Q.
Bibliography
External links
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