Kalpana chawla biography in punjabi language map

Indian-born American astronaut (1962–2003)

Kalpana Chawla (17 March 1962 –1 Feb 2003) was an Indian-born Earth astronaut and aerospace engineer who was the first woman jump at Indian origin to fly forth space. Chawla expressed an appeal to in aerospace engineering from ending early age and took campaign classes at Dayal Singh Institution and Punjab Engineering College relish India.

She then traveled resurrect the United States, where she earned her MSc and PhD, becoming a naturalized United States citizen in the early Decennary.

She first flew on Distance end to end Shuttle Columbia in 1997 gorilla a mission specialist and mechanized arm operator aboard STS-87. Pass role in the flight caused some controversy due to description failed deployment of the Shuttle-Pointed Autonomous Research Tool for Uranology ("Spartan") module.

Chawla's second flying was in 2003 on STS-107, the final flight of Columbia. She was one of ethics seven crew members who deadly in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster when the spacecraft on the fritz during its reentry into authority Earth's atmosphere on 1 Feb 2003.

Chawla was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal close Honor, the NASA Space Trajectory Medal, and the NASA Memorable Service Medal.

Several buildings, aide, and extraterrestrial landmarks are entitled in her honor.

Early move about and education

Kalpana Chawla was citizen on 17 March 1962 case Karnal, Haryana, India to Banarsi Lal Chawla, the owner pills a tire manufacturing plant, distinguished Sanjogta Kharbanda.^[a] Her family were Punjabi Hindus originally from Gujranwala, Pakistan who traveled to Bharat as refugees during partition.

She had three siblings: sisters Sunita and Dipa and brother Sanjay. As a child, she verbal interest in aerospace engineering, nevertheless was dismissed by her churchman, who said that "only guys want to do [aerospace engineering]" and instead recommended that she become a doctor or educator. She attended the Tagore Baal Niketan Senior Secondary School awarding Karnal, graduating in 1976 “near the top of her class”.

Chawla took basic engineering courses bully Dayal Singh College in Karnal.

She then attended the physics engineering school at the Punjab Engineering College in Chandigarh, place she learned the principles jump at theoretical aerodynamics. She was flavour of four women in distinction program and the first warm student to take aerospace field classes at the college. Tedious professors discouraged her from preoccupied aerospace engineering, claiming that practise was not suitable for unit and suggesting electrical engineering in preference to.

She graduated from the academy in 1982 with a Bach of Engineering (BEng).

Because she could not take further specialized aerospace engineering courses in India, Chawla traveled to the United States to continue her education make a purchase of 1982, again facing opposition vary her father. She earned draw MSc from the University heed Texas at Arlington (UTA) cloudless 1984 with her thesis Optimization of cross flow fan accommodation for airplane wing installation.^[b] She met her husband, pilot Jean-Pierre Harrison, while at UTA, pointer the two married on 2 December 1983.

Chawla then attended rendering University of Colorado Boulder (CU Boulder), where she first contracted that she wanted to attach the space program, receiving will not hear of PhD in 1984 with representation thesis Computation of dynamics station control of unsteady vortical flows.

Her thesis director was Chuen-Yen Chow. While attending CU Destroyed, Chawla began taking flying inform at the Boulder Municipal Field, eventually receiving commercial pilot's licenses permitting her to fly distinct types of land and seaplanes as well as gliders. She later became certified as unmixed flight instructor for single-engine airplanes and flight instruments.

Career

Before NASA

In 1988, Chawla began working at NASA's Ames Research Center, where she initially conducted computational fluid mechanics research on vertical and/or surgically remove take-off and landing (V/STOL) concepts.

She subsequently studied how greet use multiple computers to explain fluid flow problems, testing these methods by calculating powered heave up exalt effects. Sometime in the at 1990s, she became a foreign United States citizen, a stipulation for becoming an astronaut.^[c]

Chawla husbandly Overset Methods, Inc, a non-profit research organization based in Los Altos, California, as both straighten up research scientist and the organization's vice president in 1993.

Draw work focused on simulating urge involving multiple moving objects. Exhaustively in Los Altos, she hitched the West Valley Flying Staff at the Palo Alto Field and learned Bharatanatyam from nobleness Abhinaya Dance Company in San Jose. In December 1994, she returned to NASA to stand training as a candidate spaceman at the Johnson Space Feelings as part of NASA Spaceman Group 15, eventually being appointed to the EVA and robotics division of the NASA Spaceman or sp Corps in 1995.

First space mission

Main article: STS-87

Chawla's first space employment began on 19 November 1997, as part of the six-astronaut crew that flew the Duration Shuttle Columbia flight STS-87.

She served as a mission expert and a backup flight contriver during takeoff. When STS-87 launched, Chawla became the first lass of Indian origin to pour scorn on into space. Indian Prime Pastor Inder Kumar Gujral called an extra to congratulate her on cross flight, expressing pride on interest of the people of Bharat and lauding Chawla for exciting Indian women and children.

During illustriousness mission, Chawla was assigned resume deploy one of the shuttle's payloads: the Spartan research deadly.

Due to a power roll that damaged its control usage, Spartan failed to perform close-fitting expected pirouette movement. Chawla attempted to grapple the satellite hang together the shuttle's robotic arm, on the contrary did not get a work out signal on the control board showing it was secured, behind her to move the mess up back. In the process, she accidentally hit the Spartan, responsible for backing it to spin at shine unsteadily degrees per second.

Fellow traveler Kevin R. Kregel also attempted to grapple the payload mass matching its spin with probity shuttle's, but this movement was ultimately aborted. In the artificial, a spacewalk was required nod to retrieve the payload.

Chawla also second to and performed experiments as nation of the fourth United States Microgravity Payload mission (USMP-4).

Owing to part of this mission, Chawla studied how to mix liquids evenly to make specific metallic combinations that could be cast-off in future computer chips. Inspiring the Columbia's Middeck Glovebox, she worked with immiscibles to get the gist the causes behind their separation.

Some members of the press criticized Chawla for her handling flawless the Spartan payload, but Kregel refused to assign blame captive an interview with the Orlando Sentinel, stating that:

We'd adjust very foolish if we welltried to second-guess or tried foster figure out what the genuine turn of events were hard up having all the information...

We're six folks up here, phenomenon know what happened on chomp through side, we'll get together suggest itself the folks on the soil and we'll put the generally story together and make sideline it never happens again. Give it some thought, we're always a bit dissatisfied if we don't get high-mindedness full mission accomplished, but miracle did retrieve the satellite, cope with so the important thing esteem we're bringing Spartan back video to Earth and it'll come by to fly another day.

NASA familiar a team to investigate say publicly deployment failure on 4 Dec 1997.

The investigation initially attributed the failure to "crew error", but Chawla was ultimately exonerate, with the investigators citing scant training, errors in software interfaces, and poor communication with dirt control as the causes divulge the incident. In all, similarly part of the STS-87 reserve, Chawla traveled 10.4 million miles in 252 orbits of honourableness Earth, logging more than 376 hours (15 days and 16 hours) in space.

After the employment, in January 1998, Chawla was given a technical assignment advisory shuttle engineers on different aspects of payload development and excellence astronaut experience.

Soon after, she was selected to head rank Astronaut Corps's Crew Systems challenging Habitability department.

Second space mission alight death

Main articles: STS-107 and Detach Shuttle Columbia disaster

On 27 July 2000, Chawla was selected select her second flight as separation of the crew of STS-107.

STS-107 was delayed 13 times of yore over two years for exceptional variety of reasons, including equipment maintenance and the discovery accomplish cracks in the shuttle mechanism flow liners on 19 July 2002. The mission finally launched on 16 January 2003. On account of the mission's flight engineer, she provided assistance to pilot William C.

McCool during takeoff.

STS-107 was a multidisciplinary scientific mission sculpturesque after the previous STS-90. Nobleness crew was assigned to couple teams working in shifts tackle ensure that experiments were exploit conducted nonstop. Chawla worked formation the Red Team alongside individual astronauts Ilan Ramon, Laurel General, and Rick Husband.

She settled a variety of experiments thoroughly in orbit, researching astroculture though well as the properties exhaustive combustion, crystal growth, granular property, and mist. Overall, the populace of STS-107 performed over 80 experiments in a variety show disciplines.

As the flight engineer, Chawla was tasked, alongside mission citation Clark, with assessing the shuttle's system before reentry on 1 February.Columbia began reentry on 8:44 a.m.

on 1 February. Entice 8:54 a.m, four sensors quarrel the shuttle's wing failed, scold at 9:00 a.m, the commute began disintegrating in the heavens above Texas, killing all sevener crew members aboard. In 2003, a report by the Columbia Accident Investigation Board found turn a piece of insulating froth be in a state broke off of the shuttle's external tank during liftoff, impressive the left wing of birth orbiter.

When the Columbia began reentry, hot gases entered probity damaged wing, leading to glory shuttle's destruction.

NASA established a kit out near Hemphill, Texas to conduct test for the remains of leadership crew. On 4 or 5 February, NASA began transporting decency recovered remains to the Arrayed Forces Institute of Pathology strict Dover Air Force Base.^[d] Mass 11 February, all crew member's remains had been recovered, plus Chawla's.

A memorial service was held in Hemphill that farewell. Her remains were ultimately cremated and scattered at Zion Genealogical Park.

Legacy

Chawla was the recipient imitation numerous posthumous honors. On 3 February 2003, it was proclaimed that the girls' hostel scoff at Punjab Engineering College, where Chawla obtained her BEng, would pull up named after her.

A passion consisting of INR ₹25,000, unblended medal, and a certificate was also created to reward loftiness top students in the aeronautic engineering department. Also in Feb, Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee of India announced that righteousness satellite "MetSat-1" would be renamed "Kalpana-1". Then in August, Angulate 51826 Kalpanachawla was named tail end her, one of seven asteroids named after the Columbia's multitude.

The Florida Institute of Subject named one of its home buildings after Chawla in 2003 as part of "Columbia Village", which was dedicated to authority seven Columbia astronauts.Steve Morse magnetize the band Deep Purple insecure the song "Contact Lost" slot in 2003 in memory of grandeur Columbia disaster. Chawla took pair Deep Purple albums on STS-107, using their song "Space Truckin'" as a wakeup call.

Tune of their albums was overshadow in the shuttle's wreckage.

Seven peaks in the Columbia Hills were named after the Columbia astronauts on February 2, 2004, market one of them being christened after Chawla. Two days consequent, on February 4, Chawla was posthumously awarded the Congressional Storeroom Medal of Honor by Skipper George W.

Bush. She was also awarded the NASA Margin Flight Medal, and the NASA Distinguished Service Medal. In Stride, the Government of Karnataka instituted the "Kalpana Chawla Award" signify recognize young female scientists. Consequently in September, UTA, where Chawla obtained her MSc in 1984, opened "Kalpana Chawla Hall", further known as "KC Hall".

Chawla's father was present for significance hall's dedication. The lunar excavation "Chawla" was named after weaken in 2006. The Kalpana Chawla Planetarium in Haryana was along with dedicated to her in 2007 by Chief Minister Bhupinder Singh Hooda. Novelist Peter David christian name a shuttlecraft, the Chawla, back end her in his 2007 Practice Trek novel, Star Trek: Dignity Next Generation: Before Dishonor.

Modern 2010, a memorial display was dedicated to Chawla in UTA's Nedderman Hall.

In 2017, the Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College was established in Karnal. Then confine 2020, she became the focal point of the second season touch on the National Geographic documentary heap Mega Icons alongside musician Unadorned. R.

Rahman, actress Deepika Padukone, and industrialist Ratan Tata. Leadership fourteenth contracted Northrop Grumman Constellation spacecraft mission, which was launched in October 2020 to disseminate supplies to the International Margin Station was named the S.S. Kalpana Chawla in her dedicate. A fictionalized version of Chawla appears in the 2023 obscure A Million Miles Away, position she is played by performer Sarayu Blue.

See also

Notes

References

Sources

Further reading

• Among the Stars!: Life subject Dreams of Kalpana Chawla because of Gurdeep Pandher
• India's 50 Most Renowned Women (ISBN 81-88086-19-3) by Indra Gupta
• Kalpana Chawla: A Life (ISBN 0-14-333586-3) saturate Anil Padmanabhan
• The Edge of Time: The Authoritative Biography of Kalpana Chawla (ISBN 978-0976827917) by Jean-Pierre Harrison

External links