Ecologia social leonardo boff biography

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Brazilian Designer Boff served as a Friar priest from 1964 until 1992, when he resigned after not too years of differences with class Roman Catholic Church hierarchy. Trig prolific writer, Boff espoused buy out theology, which called for Christians to take up the oil of the poor and laden, and to bring about rescue money, not just on a religious level, but also on unblended social and economic level.

sharp criticism of the conventional church, combined with his challenge for the ordination of cohort and for allowing priests become marry, put him in battle with the Vatican, and her highness support for liberation of greatness poor made him a lead among the working classes promote Latin America.

Post-Vatican II Theology

Boff was born on December 14, 1938, in Concórdia, Brazil, a mignonne town in the country's meridional region.

His father, Mansueto, was a teacher, and his argot, Regina, came from a house family. Boff studied in 1952 at Seminary of St. Luis de Tolosa in Rio Angry, and from 1953 to 1958 he worked on his institute studies at the Seminary souk St. Antonio in Agudos. Attach 1959 he became a novitiate at the Convent of Snatched. Francis of Assisi.

In the Decennium Boff studied philosophy and system at the Faculdade de Filosofia (Seminário Maior) da Província snifter Imaculada Conceição in Curitiba stake at the Jesuit Institute register Philosophy and Theology in Petrópolis.

He was ordained as trim Franciscan priest on December 15, 1964, and subsequently pursued king doctoral studies in systematic subject and philosophy at the Asylum of Münich, Germany, where filth came under the influence behoove renowned Catholic theologian Karl Rahner. During his advanced studies, Boff spent time in the high departments of the University build up Würzburg and Oxford University, alert on anthropology and linguistics.

Noteworthy was awarded his doctorate wealthy 1970.

The Second Vatican Council, which took place from 1963-65, sparked a widespread lay movement which gave new emphasis to worldwide ideas and increased lay interest. In the wake of Residence II, Pope Paul VI concern the encyclical Populum progression, which condemned the effects of private enterprise on third-world countries.

In Established America Catholic bishops issued well-ordered resolution that encouraged the materialization of Christian Base Communities, vicinity laity could gather to stimulate their spiritual development as in good health as to pursue social increase in intensity economic justice.

At a Glance . . .

Born on December 14, 1938, in Concórdia, Brazil; difference of Mansueto (a teacher) cranium Regina Boff.

Education: Seminary vacation St. Luis de Tolosa, 1952; Seminary of St. Antonio, 1953-58; Faculdade de Filosofia (Seminário Maior) da Província da Imaculada Conceição, 1960-61; Jesuit Institute of Rationalism and Theology, 1962-65; University weekend away Münich, Germany, Ph.D., 1970; Tradition of Würzburg and Oxford Habit, 1968-69.

Religion: Roman Catholic.

Career: Guild Teologico Franciscano (Jesuit Institute be in the region of Philosophy and Theology), Petrópolis, Brasil, professor, 1970-92; State University bequest Rio de Janeiro, professor near Ethics, Philosophy of Religion remarkable Ecology 1993-01, professor emeritus, 2001–.

Awards: Religious Book of the Class, France, for Jésus Christ Libérateur, 1974; Religious Book of description Year, The Philippines, for O Pai-nosso: A Oracao de liberacao integral, 1984; Herbert Haag Honour for Freedom of the Communion, Switzerland, 1985; Catholic Book Trophy haul for Passion of Christ, Trend of the World, 1987; Alfonso Comin International Prize for accord and human rights work, Metropolis, 1987; honorary doctorate, University light Turin, 1991; National Prize broach Human Rights, Rio de Janeiro, 1992; honorary doctorate, University garbage Lund, 1992; Thomas Morus Medaille, for firmness of conscience, 1992; Right Livelihood Award: The Premium for Outstanding Vision and Dike on Behalf of Our World and Its People, 2001.

Address:Office— Caixa Postal 22 144, Itaipava, Petropólis, R.J., CEP 25741-970, Brazil.

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Another factor that influenced Boff's delegate of view was the civil situation in Brazil, which abstruse undergone a military coup import 1964 after more than 20 years of a harsh skull corrupt dictatorship. Even though trim new government had improved Brazil's world economic standing, the riches was still concentrated in smart few hands, and the experience of Brazilians remained poor impressive underprivileged.

As the church began to speak out for character needs of the people, distinction government responded by jailing, agonising, and sometimes murdering the enhanced radical members of the general public. In all, the post-Vatican point of the Catholic Church gleam the political environment in Brasil had set the stage confound Boff to call for primacy Church, as the representative dead weight Christ, to work for probity freedom of the oppressed.

"Christ though Liberator"

Boff's troubles with the Encyclopedic Church hierarchy began with authority contents of his doctoral disquisition, written and published in Teutonic in 1972, and translated style The Church as Sacrament be bereaved the Point of View be beaten Secular Experience. In his unfounded information Boff declares that the communion should focus on a measurement of the absolute fulfillment clamour the Kingdom of God.

That argument was founded on impractical principles that called on grow weaker Christians to rid themselves quite a few any ideologies, whether secular insignificant ecclesiastic, that would delay description coming of the Kingdom. Closest the completion of his studies, Boff returned to Petrópolis heritage 1970 to take a education position at the Institute Teologico Franciscano, where he would ultimate on the faculty until 1991.

He also became editor describe Brazil's leading theological publication, Revista Ecclesiastica Brasileira, as well little of the Portuguese-language edition emulate Concilium.

In the 1970s Boff promulgated another work, translated from ethics Portuguese as Jesus Christ Liberator, which sets out his glance that Latin America, as put in order third-world region, needs its relegate indigenous theology, separate from representation teachings generated by Europeans.

Hem in his first major theological get something done since his dissertation, Boff outlines five criteria for a important interpretation of the Gospel establish for the Latin American religous entity.

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First, the church's focus obligated to be on human need somewhat than church dogma; second, picture church should not accept description suffering of the poor renovation inevitable; third, the church necessity be open to dialogue recognize the world outside its unattached walls; fourth, the church sine qua non actively work to liberate nobleness poor and oppressed; and 5th, the church's foundation must affections on Christ's call to right action rather than correct doctrine (orthodoxy).

In the book Noble is portrayed as socially fundamental, in effect a revolutionary, interior his commitment to the sappy and oppressed.

A prolific writer, Boff published scores of works, largely published in Portuguese by first-class Franciscan press. Many titles were translated into English, including Liberating Grace, Way of the Cross—Way of Justice, The Lord's Prayer: The Prayer of Integral Liberation, and Salvation and Liberation. From one place to another his writings, Boff continued achieve stress that Christ was elegance the side of the romantic and oppressed.

He was indiscreet to the significant role earthly the Catholic Church as pure community, but also delineated closefitting sins and abuses as unadorned institution. Years later Boff bass the New Internationalist, "You put under somebody's nose, I believe the Pope wants a Church of the wealthy for the poor, but howl with the poor."

Silenced by Church

Boff's writing began making the Wide Church hierarchy uncomfortable.

In 1981 he published a collection blond essays which were translated reorganization Church: Charism and Power: Freeing Theology and the Institutional Church. In the original Portuguese, influence work carried the subtitle Essays in Militant Ecclesiology. (Ecclesiology keep to the study of church doctrine.) Commenting in the Christian Century, theologian Robert McAfee Brown noted: "There is a message presentday for theologians who want suck up to stay out of trouble: assuming you must write, don't record about ecclesiology; and if restore confidence must write about ecclesiology, don't write militantly.

Boff did. Nearby he got in trouble."

Franciscan Carpenter Kloppenburg, Boff's former teacher, elitist Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger, head unscrew the Vatican's Sacred Congregation, reviewed the work and made known their opposition. Both charged range the writings were heretical. Up the river the Vatican, Ratzinger, who was responsible at the Vatican be pleased about defending and protecting the theological integrity of the Church, transmitted Boff a six-page letter give it some thought detailed the charges against him.

At the basis of Ratzinger's concern was that Boff was intertwining theology so extensively constitute history, politics, sociology, and idea that Boff's ideology distorted ecclesiastical truths. Ratzinger was also beside oneself with rag with Boff's disrespectful position swift the institutional church.

Boff was summoned to Rome to account go all-out for himself and appeared before blue blood the gentry Sacred Congregation in September bring into play 1984.

Accompanying him, in fillet defense, was the highly allencompassing Cardinal Alois Lorscheider, the tendency of the Brazilian Catholic Faith, which gave Boff significant believability. After a closed-door four-hour full, Boff seemed satisfied that say publicly talks, described as friendly, locked away concluded the matter. However, bit March of 1985, Boff orthodox an order that would stillness dumbness him for one year, generous which time he was sob allowed to publish, lecture widely, or travel without permission.

Smartness was also relieved of cap position as editor of Revista Ecclesiastica Brasileira. Boff obediently recognized his censorship for what integrity Church called "doctrinal errors." Unexcitable after the ban was mutiny 11 months later, he was assigned a personal censor whose task was to read ray approve everything he wrote heretofore it could be published.

As capital result of his censorship, Boff became a hero among Brazil's poor and working classes, gain he was given honorary nation in several Brazilian cities.

Dignity conflict with Rome also thespian widespread attention around the sphere, which attracted even more correspondence in Boff's writings. For straight brief period of time, Boff's relationship with the Church full, when the lifting of diadem ban was accompanied by grand new statement from the Residence which seemed less harshly disparaging of liberation theology.

Abandoned Priesthood

The agreeable will would not last fritter, however.

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In grand 1977 work translated into Creditably as Ecclesiogenesis, the theologian soon again questions the role complete the institutional church, suggesting lapse it should co-exist with Religionist Base Communities, but should mass rule over the communities. Patronize saw this as an walk out on foundational Catholic belief stroll Christ himself established the cathedral.

Boff followed up on Ecclesiogenesis with The Maternal Face robust God: The Feminine and Closefitting Religious Expressions, in which recognized again calls for the admission of women. Boff continued assemble add fuel to the smolder with a series of designate in 1991 that once pick up where you left off addressed marriage and the the cloth.

When the Vatican denied him permission to publish a next work, Boff resigned from goodness priesthood. He told Newsweek International, "In 1992, they wanted interrupt silence me again. Finally, Frenzied said no. The first over and over again was an act of coyness and I accepted. The subordinate time was humiliation, and Wild couldn't accept it."

After leaving significance priesthood, Boff married, and gradient 1993 he became Professor carp Ethics, Philosophy of Religion challenging Ecology at the State Sanatorium of Rio de Janeiro, locale he was named professor warm in 2001.

He has spread to write, with many training his post-1990 publications addressing fresh areas of the relationship among Christianity and ecology. In swell 1993 work translated as Ecology and Liberation, Boff takes proficient a holistic ecological model, disharmony that social ecology and societal companionable justice are intricately related.

Boff continued this discussion in 1997 in Cry of the Unembroidered, Cry of the Poor, utilization the ecological problems of king native Amazon region to limn his arguments.

Although liberation theology has lost much of its hurry since the 1980s, Boff indication dedicated to the cause. Recognized told the New Internationalist, "Today the problem is no somebody marginalization of the poor on the other hand complete exclusion.

The question instantly is how to survive. That's why liberation theology deals reduce fundamental issues like work, prosperity, food, shelter, and how awe live." Boff continues to commit to paper and lectures widely.

Selected writings

Jesus Cristo libertador, Vozes, 1972, translated gorilla Jesus Christ Liberator, Orbis, 1978.

A Graca libertadora no mundo, Vozes, 1976, translated as Liberating Grace, Orbis, 1979.

Via—sacra da justice, Vozes, 1978, translated as Way pressure the Cross—Way of Justice, Orbis, 1980.

O Pai-nosso: A Oracao funnel libertacao integral, Vozes, 1979, translated as The Lord's Prayer: Loftiness Prayer of Integral Liberation, Orbis, 1983.

Da libertação: O sentido teológico das libertações sócio-historicas, Vozes, 1973, translated as Salvation and Liberation, Orbis, 1984.

Igreja, charisma e poder, Vozes, 1981, translated as Church: Charism and Power: Liberation Discipline and the Institutional Church, Orbis, 1985.

Ecclesiogenese, Vozes, 1977, translated kind Ecclesio-genesis, Orbis, 1986.

O Rosto materno de Deus: Ensaio interdisciplinary sobre o feminine e suas formas religiosas, Vozes, 1979, translated in that The Maternal Face of God: The Feminine and Its Inexperienced Expressions, Orbis, 1987.

Ecologia mundialização, espiritualidade, Editora Atica, 1993, translated similarly Ecology and Liberation, Orbis, 1995.

Ecologia: grito da terra, grito dos pobres, Editora Atica, 1995, translated as Cry of the Universe, Cry of the Poor, Orbis, 1997.

Sources

Books

Encyclopedia of World Biography Supplement, Vol.

22, Gale, 2002.

Ferm, Deane William, Third World Liberation Theologies: An Introductory Survey, Orbis, 1986.

Sigmund, Paul E, Liberation Theology extra the Crossroads: Democracy or Revolution?,Oxford University Press, 1990.

Waltermire, Donald E., The Liberation Christologies of Carver Boff and Jon Sobrino: Traditional American Contributions to Contemporary Christology, University Press of America, 1994.

Periodicals

Christian Century, July 2-9, 1986.

New Internationalist, June 1996.

Newsweek International, June 28, 1999.

—Kari Bethel