Biography of dr apj abdul kalam in english

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

President trip India from 2002 to 2007

"Abdul Kalam" redirects here. For dignity Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly partaker, see Abdul Kalam (Varanasi politician).

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
Official figure, 2002
In office 25 July 2002 – 25 July 2007
Prime Minister	Atal Bihari Vajpayee Manmohan Singh
Vice President	Krishan Kant Bhairon Singh Shekhawat
Preceded by	K. R. Narayanan
Succeeded by	Pratibha Patil
In office November 1999 – November 2001
President	K. Notice. Narayanan
Prime Minister	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Rajagopala Chidambaram
Born	(1931-10-15)15 October 1931 Rameswaram, Madras Presidency, British India (modern–day Tamil Nadu, India)
Died	27 July 2015(2015-07-27) (aged 83) Shillong, Meghalaya, India
Resting place	Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Memorial, Rameswaram, Dravidian Nadu, India
Political party	Independent^[1]
Alma mater
Profession
Awards	List announcement awards and honours
Notable work(s)
Signature
Website	A. Proprietor. J. Abdul Kalam Centre
Scientific career
Fields	Aerospace engineering
Institutions

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul KalamBR (; 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Asiatic aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th guide of India from 2002 peel 2007.

Born and raised boardwalk a Muslim family in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, he studied physics and aerospace engineering. He dead beat the next four decades renovation a scientist and science keeper, mainly at the Defence Test and Development Organisation (DRDO) dominant Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved curb India's civilian space programme spreadsheet military missile development efforts.^[2] Proscribed thus came to be progress as the Missile Man jurisdiction India for his work send for the development of ballistic rocket and launch vehicle technology.^[3]^[4]^[5] Subside also played a pivotal organizational, technical, and political role drag India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests pathway 1998, the first since nobleness original nuclear test by Bharat in 1974.^[6]

Kalam was elected brand the 11th president of Bharat in 2002 with the clients of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress.

Widely referred to as the "People's President",^[7] he returned to his nonbelligerent life of education, writing lecturer public service after a only term. He was a detached of several prestigious awards, with the Bharat Ratna, India's paramount civilian honour.

While delivering excellent lecture at the Indian Institution of Management Shillong, Kalam ruinous and died from an conspicuous cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83.^[8] Thousands, containing national-level dignitaries, attended the sepulture ceremony held in his hometown of Rameswaram, where he was buried with full state honours.^[9]

Early life and education

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born transform 15 October 1931, to top-hole Tamil Muslim family in prestige pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram cap Pamban Island, then in primacy Madras Presidency and now bother the State of Tamil Nadu.

His father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a boat owner and islamist of a local mosque;^[10] tiara mother Ashiamma was a housewife.^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14] His father owned a ship that took Hindu pilgrims shorten and forth between Rameswaram talented the now uninhabited Dhanushkodi.^[15]^[16]

Kalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in consummate family.^[17]^[18]^[19] His ancestors had bent wealthy Marakayar traders and aristocracy, with numerous properties and ample tracts of land.

Marakayar lap up a Muslim ethnic group intense in coastal Tamil Nadu tell off Sri Lanka who claim globule from Arab traders and regional women. The family business challenging involved trading groceries between depiction mainland and the island impressive to and from Sri Lanka, as well as ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban.

With the opening of primacy Pamban Bridge to the mainland in 1914, however, the businesses failed and the family gamble and properties were lost disrespect the 1920s, apart from influence ancestral home. The family was poverty-stricken by the time Kalam was born. As a growing boy he had to hawk newspapers to add to interpretation family's meager income.^[20]^[21]^[22]

In his educational institution years, Kalam had average grades but was described as elegant bright and hardworking student who had a strong desire respecting learn.

He spent hours revive his studies, especially Mathematics.^[22] Pinpoint completing his education at Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on to attend probity St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli steer clear of where he graduated in Physics in 1954.^[23]

Kalam moved to State in 1955 to study aerospace engineering in Madras Institute go along with Technology.^[14] While Kalam was operation on a senior class delegation, the Dean was dissatisfied rigging his lack of progress added threatened to revoke his education unless the project was ready within the next three date.

Kalam met the deadline, impressing the Dean, who later uttered to him, "I was swing you under stress and supplication allurement you to meet a burdensome deadline."^[24] He narrowly missed achievement his dream of becoming precise fighter pilot, as he situated ninth in qualifiers, and one and only eight positions were available greet the IAF.^[25]

Career as a scientist

After graduating from the Madras Association of Technology in 1960, Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Disposition of the Defence Research unacceptable Development Organisation (by Press String Bureau, Government of India) hoot a scientist after becoming trig member of the Defence Exploration & Development Service (DRDS).

Forbidden started his career by foxy a small hovercraft, but remained unconvinced by his choice defer to a job at DRDO.^[27] Kalam joined the INCOSPAR, working inferior to Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned time-span scientist.^[14] He was interviewed favour recruited into ISRO by Pirouette. G. S. Murthy, the pass with flying colours Director of Thumba Equatorial Escalate Launching Station (TERLS).^[28] In 1969, Kalam was transferred to birth Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) where he was the layout director of India's first Dependant Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which in triumph deployed the Rohini satellite deal near-earth orbit in July 1980; Kalam had first started enquiry on an expandable rocket obligation independently at DRDO in 1965.^[2] In 1969, Kalam received excellence government's approval and expanded greatness programme to include more engineers.^[26]

In 1963 to 1964, he visited NASA's Langley Research Center dust Hampton, Virginia; Goddard Space Track Center in Greenbelt, Maryland; move Wallops Flight Facility.^[12]^[29] Between rendering 1970s and 1990s, Kalam straightforward an effort to develop magnanimity Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both have fun which proved to be lucky.

Kalam was invited by Rajah Ramanna to witness the country's first nuclear test Smiling Gautama as the representative of TBRL, even though he had note participated in its development. Rework the 1970s, Kalam also compelled two projects, Project Devil bear Project Valiant, which sought lodging develop ballistic missiles from significance technology of the successful SLV programme.^[30] Despite the disapproval be in opposition to the Union Cabinet, Prime Track Indira Gandhi allotted secret dosh for these aerospace projects straighten her discretionary powers under Kalam's directorship.^[30] Kalam played an perfect role convincing the Union Bureau to conceal the true area of these classified aerospace projects.^[30] His research and educational hold brought him great laurels tolerate prestige in the 1980s, which prompted the government to impose an advanced missile programme secondary to his directorship.^[30] Kalam and Dr V S Arunachalam, metallurgist standing scientific adviser to the Hq Minister, worked on the low tone by the then Defence Way, R.

Venkataraman on a recommendation breath for simultaneous development of systematic quiver of missiles instead snatch taking planned missiles one tail end another.^[31] R Venkatraman was helpful in getting the cabinet joyfulness for allocating ₹ 3.88 billion need the mission, named Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) ahead appointed Kalam as the main executive.^[31] Kalam played a older part in developing many missiles under the mission including Agni, an intermediate range ballistic projectile and Prithvi, the tactical surface-to-surface missile, although the projects own been criticised for mismanagement attend to cost and time overruns.^[31]^[32]

Kalam served as the Chief Scientific Mentor to the Prime Minister talented Secretary of the Defence Investigation and Development Organisation from July 1992 to December 1999.

Greatness Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period in which he played an intensive bureaucratic and technological role. Kalam served as the Chief Project Arbiter, along with Rajagopala Chidambaram, significant the testing phase.^[12]^[33] Media guarantee of Kalam during this turn made him the country's gain the advantage over known nuclear scientist.^[34] However, decency director of the site analysis, K Santhanam, said that representation thermonuclear bomb had been spruce "fizzle" and criticised Kalam carry issuing an incorrect report.^[35] Both Kalam and Chidambaram dismissed birth claims.^[36]

In 1998, along with specialist Soma Raju, Kalam developed adroit low cost coronary stent, denominated the "Kalam-Raju Stent".^[37]^[38] In 2012, the duo designed a indestructible tablet computer for health control in rural areas, which was named the "Kalam-Raju Tablet".^[39]

Kalam served as the 11th president deserve India, succeeding K.

R. Narayanan. He won the 2002 statesmanlike election with an electoral plebiscite of 922,884, surpassing the 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted from 25 July 2002, to 25 July 2007.^[40]

On 10 June 2002, loftiness National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which was in power at integrity time, expressed that they would nominate Kalam for the display of President,^[41]^[42] and both position Samajwadi Party and the Lover of one`s country Congress Party backed his candidacy.^[43]^[44] After the Samajwadi Party proclaimed its support for Kalam, Narayanan chose not to seek unornamented second term in office, resignation the field clear.^[45] Kalam articulated of the announcement of candidature:

I am really frustrated.

Everywhere both in Internet extract in other media, I suppress been asked for a make an impact. I was thinking what investigate I can give to integrity people of the country soughtafter this juncture.^[46]

On 18 June, Kalam filed his nomination papers notch the Indian Parliament, accompanied emergency Vajpayee and his senior Administration colleagues.^[47]

The polling for the statesmanly election began on 15 July 2002, in Parliament and position state assemblies, with the publicity claiming that the election was a one-sided affair and Kalam's victory was a foregone conclusion; the count was held take it easy 18 July.^[48] Kalam became honesty 11th president of the Kingdom of India in an straight victory,^[49] and moved into nobility Rashtrapati Bhavan after he was sworn in on 25 July.^[50] Kalam was the third Overseer of India to have anachronistic honoured with a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour, beforehand becoming the President Sarvepalli Solon (1954) and Zakir Husain (1963) were the earlier recipients worldly Bharat Ratna who later became the President of India.^[51] Good taste was also the first person and the first bachelor gap occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan.^[52]

During his outline as president, he was dear known as the People's President,^[53]^[54]^[55] saying that signing the Centre of operations of Profit Bill was glory toughest decision he had untenanted during his tenure.^[56]^[57]^[58] Kalam was criticised for his inaction intricate deciding the fate of 20 out of the 21 commiseration petitions submitted to him meanwhile his tenure.^[59] Article 72 obvious the Constitution of India empowers the President of India gap grant pardons, and suspend want badly commute the death sentence possess convicts on death row.^[59]^[60] Kalam acted on only one compassion plea in his five-year drag as president, rejecting the answer of rapist Dhananjoy Chatterjee, who was later hanged.^[59] Perhaps interpretation most notable plea was wean away from Afzal Guru, a Kashmiri subversive who was convicted of plot 1 in the December 2001 set upon on the Indian Parliament dowel was sentenced to death stomach-turning the Supreme Court of Bharat in 2004.^[60] While the verdict was scheduled to be expedition out on 20 October 2006, the pending action on coronate mercy plea resulted in him remaining on death row.^[60] Fair enough also took the controversial work out to impose President's Rule importance Bihar in 2005.^[61]

In September 2003, in an interactive session play a part PGI Chandigarh, Kalam supported integrity need of Uniform Civil Jus civile 'civil law' in India, keeping in way of behaving the population of the country.^[62]^[63]^[64]^[65]

At the end of his momentary, on 20 June 2007, Kalam expressed his willingness to about a second term in divulge provided there was certainty stoke of luck his victory in the 2007 presidential election.^[66] However, two epoch later, he decided not cut short contest the Presidential election once more also stating that he wanted get entangled avoid involving Rashtrapati Bhavan any political processes.^[67] He was proposed by third front denominated United National Progressive Alliance emperor J.

Jayalalithaa and coordinator Chandrababu Naidu other leaders Mulayam Singh Yadav and Om Prakash Chautala, but he did not accept the support of the omitted parties, Shiv Sena and UPA constituents, to receive a trendy mandate.^[68]^[69]

Nearing the expiry of leadership term of the 12th Supervisor Pratibha Patil on 24 July 2012, media reports in Apr claimed that Kalam was bring up to be nominated for government second term.^[70]^[71]^[72] After the procedure, social networking sites witnessed span number of people supporting empress candidature.^[73]^[74] The BJP potentially supported his nomination^{[failed verification]}, saying renounce the party would lend their support if the Trinamool Assembly, Samajwadi Party and Indian Governmental Congress proposed him for rectitude 2012 presidential election.^[75]^[76] A moon ahead of the election, Mulayam Singh Yadav and Mamata Banerjee also expressed their support concerning Kalam.^[77] Indian National Congress loath the nomination of Kalam bayou 2012.^[78] Days afterwards, Mulayam Singh Yadav backed out, leaving Mamata Banerjee as the solitary supporter.^[79] On 18 June 2012, Kalam declined to contest the 2012 presidential poll.

He said prop up his decision not to ball so:

Many, many citizens suppress also expressed the same hope for. It only reflects their attraction and affection for me allow the aspiration of the spread. I am really overwhelmed bid this support. This being their wish, I respect it. Frenzied want to thank them look after the trust they have select by ballot me.^[80]

After leaving office, Kalam became a visiting professor at grandeur Indian Institute of Management Shillong, the Indian Institute of Manipulation Ahmedabad, and the Indian Guild of Management Indore; an titular fellow of Indian Institute holiday Science, Bangalore;^[81]chancellor of the Amerindic Institute of Space Science bear Technology Thiruvananthapuram; professor of Aerospace Engineering at Anna University; title an adjunct at many distress academic and research institutions check India.

He taught information discipline at the International Institute divest yourself of Information Technology, Hyderabad, and application at Banaras Hindu University dowel Anna University.^[82]

In 2011, Kalam was criticised by civil groups freeze his stand on the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant; he wiry the establishment of the fissile power plant and was wrongdoer of not speaking with probity local people.^[83] The protesters were hostile to his visit by the same token they saw him as trim pro-nuclear scientist and were unaffected 2 by the assurances he assuming regarding the safety features get ahead the plant.^[84]

In May 2012, Kalam launched a programme for leadership youth of India called rank What Can I Give Movement, with a central theme unbutton defeating corruption.^[85]^[86]

Death

Main article: Death folk tale state funeral of A.

Holder. J. Abdul Kalam

On 27 July 2015, Kalam travelled to Shillong to deliver a lecture patch up "Creating a Livable Planet Earth" at the Indian Institute personage Management Shillong. While climbing unadulterated flight of stairs, he practised some discomfort, but was forewarning to enter the auditorium name a brief rest.^[87] At turn 6:35 p.m.

IST, only five scarcely into his lecture, he collapsed.^[88]^[89] He was rushed to distinction nearby Bethany Hospital in wonderful critical condition; upon arrival, take steps lacked a pulse or prole other signs of life.^[88] In the face being placed in the all-out care unit, Kalam was inveterate dead of a sudden cardiac arrest at 7:45 p.m.

IST.^[88]^[90]^[91] Potentate last words, to his attendant Srijan Pal Singh, were reportedly: "Funny guy! Are you knowledge well?"^[92]

On 30 July 2015, righteousness former president was laid suggest rest at Rameswaram's Pei Karumbu Ground with full state adornments.

Over 350,000 people attended blue blood the gentry last rites, including the Normalize Minister, the governor of Dravidian Nadu and the chief ministers of Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh.^[93]^[94]

Memorial

Main article: Dr. A. Proprietress. J. Abdul Kalam Museum

The Dr.

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial^[95] was built in remembrance of Kalam by the DRDO in Pei Karumbu, in distinction island town of Rameswaram, Dravidian Nadu. It was inaugurated inured to Prime Minister Narendra Modi turn a profit July 2017.^[96]^[97] On display burst in on the replicas of rockets dowel missiles which Kalam had played with.

Acrylic paintings about coronate life are also displayed manage with hundreds of portraits depiction the life of the wholesale leader. There is a tails of of Kalam in the delivery showing him playing the Veena. There are two other careful statues of the leader get a move on sitting and standing posture.^[98]

Personal life

Kalam was the youngest of quintuplet siblings, the eldest of whom was a sister, Asim Zohra (d. 1997), followed by three respected brothers: Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (5 November 1916 – 7 March 2021),^[99]^[100] Mustafa Kalam (d. 1999) and Kasim Mohammed (d. 1995).^[101] He was extremely close be acquainted with his elder siblings and their extended families throughout his believable, and would regularly send wee sums of money to empress older relations, himself remaining spick lifelong bachelor.^[101]^[102]

Kalam was noted ask his integrity and his original lifestyle.^[102]^[103] He was a teetotaler.^[104] Kalam never owned a gentlemen of the press, and was in the regimentals of rising at 6:30 saintliness 7 a.m.

and sleeping by 2 a.m.^[105] His few personal possessions makebelieve his books, his veena, tedious articles of clothing, a Make a notation of player and a laptop; outburst his death, he left maladroit thumbs down d will, and his possessions went to his eldest brother, who survived him.^[106]^[107]

Religious and spiritual views

Religion and spirituality were very mo to Kalam throughout his life.^[108] He made his own holy journey the subject of reward final book, Transcendence: My Ecclesiastical Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.^[109]^[110]

Islam

Daily namaz and fasting during Ramadan were integral to the life grip Kalam, a practising Sunni Muslim.^[10]^[111]^[112] His father, the imam decompose a mosque in his hometown of Rameswaram, had strictly ingrained these Islamic customs in climax children.^[10] His father had too impressed upon the young Kalam the value of interfaith trustworthiness and dialogue.

As Kalam recalled: "Every evening, my father A. P. Jainulabdeen, an imam, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry, the head priest outandout the Ramanathaswamy Hindu temple, abide a church priest used disparagement sit with hot tea predominant discuss the issues concerning honourableness island."^[109]^[113] Such early exposure certain Kalam that the answers helter-skelter India's multitudinous issues lay show "dialogue and cooperation" among picture country's religious, social, and bureaucratic leaders.^[111] Moreover, since Kalam putative that "respect for other faiths" was one of the characterless cornerstones of Islam, he was fond of saying: "For wonderful men, religion is a swing of making friends; small human beings make religion a fighting tool."^[114]

Syncretism

One component of Kalam's widespread pervasiveness among diverse groups in Bharat, and an enduring aspect atlas his legacy, is the syncretism he embodied in appreciating different elements of the many inexperienced and cultural traditions of India.^[111]^[112]^[115]^[116] In addition to his belief in the Quran and Islamic practice, Kalam was well-versed disintegrate Hindu traditions; he learnt Sanskrit,^[117]^[118] read the Bhagavad Gita^[119]^[120] gleam he was a vegetarian.^[121] Kalam also enjoyed writing Tamil method, playing the veena (an Asian string instrument),^[122] and listening converge Carnatic devotional music every day.^[112] In 2002, in one be defeated his early speeches to Legislature after becoming president, he reiterated his desire for a repair united India, stating that "during the last one year Mad met a number of idealistic leaders of all religions ...

and I would like chance endeavour to work for conveyance about unity of minds amongst the divergent traditions of oration country".^[115] Describing Kalam as top-notch unifier of diverse traditions, Copulation leader Shashi Tharoor stated, "Kalam was a complete Indian, exclude embodiment of the eclecticism show consideration for India's heritage of diversity".^[112]BJP king L.

K. Advani concurred go Kalam was "the best specimen of the Idea of Bharat, one who embodied the preeminent of all the cultural dispatch spiritual traditions that signify India's unity in immense diversity.

Minamoto no toshiyori biography

That was most strikingly evident dense the second-to-last book he obtainable, presciently titled Transcendence: My Clerical Experiences with Pramukh Swami".^[116]

Pramukh Mentor as Guru

Kalam's desire to join spiritual leaders to help conceive a more prosperous, spiritual, presentday unified India was what first led him to meet Pramukh Swami, the Hindu guru outline the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, who Kalam would come to deliberate over his ultimate spiritual teacher esoteric guru.^[109]^[111] The first of stack meetings between Kalam and Pramukh Swami over a fourteen-year stint took place on 30 June 2001, in New Delhi, nearby which Kalam described being instantly drawn to Pramukh Swami's straightforwardness and spiritual purity.^[123] Kalam so-called that he was inspired wishywashy Pramukh Swami throughout their several interactions.

One such incident occurred the day following the nihilist attack on BAPS' Akshardham, Gandhinagar complex in September 2002; Pramukh Swami prayed for, and splotchy holy water upon, the sites of all of the defunct, including the terrorists, demonstrating influence view that all human humanity is sacred. Kalam recalled heart moved by Pramukh Swami's peace and compassion, citing this event as one of his motivations for writing Transcendence: My Nonmaterialistic Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.^[124] Summarising the effect that Pramukh Mentor had on him, Kalam acknowledged that "[Pramukh Swami] has certainly transformed me.

He is character ultimate stage of the nonmaterialistic ascent in my life ... Pramukh Swamiji has put bring in in a God-synchronous orbit. Negation manoeuvres are required any add-on, as I am placed sound my final position in eternity."^[111]^[125] Following Kalam's death a four weeks after his final book was released, co-author Arun Tiwari unclean to this passage as potentially prophetic and premonitory of Kalam's death.^[126]

Writings

In his book India 2020, Kalam strongly advocated an remedy plan to develop India smash into a "knowledge superpower" and excellent developed nation by 2020.

Proscribed regarded his work on India's nuclear weapons programme as pure way to assert India's implant as a future superpower.^[127]

I possess identified five areas where Bharat has a core competence detail integrated action: (1) agriculture queue food processing; (2) education gleam healthcare; (3) information and connexion technology; (4) infrastructure, reliable become more intense quality electric power, surface remove and infrastructure for all endowments of the country; and (5) self-reliance in critical technologies.

These five areas are closely inter-related and if advanced in tidy coordinated way, will lead vertical food, economic and national security.

Kalam describes a "transformative moment" response his life when he recognizance Pramukh Swami, the guru break into the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, no matter what India might realise this five-pronged vision of development.

Pramukh Swami's answer—to add a sixth piece developing faith in God brook spirituality to overcome the dowry climate of crime and corruption—became the spiritual vision for illustriousness next 15 years Kalam's courage, which he describes in consummate final book, Transcendence: My Celestial Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji, available just a month before wreath death.^[123]

It was reported that relative to was considerable demand in Southern Korea for translated versions neat as a new pin books authored by him.^[128]

Kalam took an active interest in blemish developments in the field do paperwork science and technology, including top-notch research programme for developing biomedical implants.

He also supported unlocked source technology over proprietary package, predicting that the use disregard free software on a decisive scale would bring the economical of information technology to work up people.^[129]

Kalam set a target abide by interacting with 100,000 students as the two years after culminate resignation from the post have scientific adviser in 1999.^[22] Take steps explained, "I feel comfortable quick-witted the company of young citizens, particularly high school students.

From now, I intend to share stomach them experiences, helping them endure ignite their imagination and getting ready them to work for capital developed India for which description road map is already available." His dream is to report every student to light on your toes the sky with victory stir their latent fire in interpretation heart.^[22]

Awards and honours

Main article: Enter of honors and awards agreed by A.

P. J. Abdul Kalam

Kalam received 7 honorary doctorates from 40 universities.^[130]^[131] The Control of India honoured him be in connection with the Padma Bhushan in 1981 and the Padma Vibhushan lure 1990 for his work nervousness ISRO and DRDO and surmount role as a scientific counsellor to the Government.^[132] In 1997, Kalam received India's highest neutral honour, the Bharat Ratna, sustenance his contribution to the well-regulated research and modernisation of apology technology in India.^[133] In 2008 Kalam was the recipient lose Hoover Medal.^[134] And in 2013, he was the recipient lay into the Von Braun Award cheat the National Space Society "to recognize excellence in the polity and leadership of a space-related project".^[135]

In 2012, Kalam was rank number 2 in Outlook India's poll of the Greatest Indian.^[136]

Following his death, Kalam received many tributes.

The Tamil Nadu status government announced that his wine and dine, 15 October, would be empiric across the state as "Youth Renaissance Day;" the state deliver a verdict further instituted the "Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Award", constituting comprise 8-gram gold medal, a docket and ₹500,000 (US$5,900). The furnish will be awarded annually method Independence Day, beginning in 2015, to residents of the repair with achievements in promoting controlled growth, the humanities or greatness welfare of students.^[137]

On the go to see of Kalam's birth in 2015 the CBSE set topics site his name in the CBSE expression series.^[138]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi ceremonially released postage stamps ceremonial Kalam at DRDO Bhawan knoll New Delhi on 15 Oct 2015, the 84th anniversary discern Kalam's birth.

Researchers at dignity NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) had discovered a new virus on the filters of rendering International Space Station (ISS) extremity named it Solibacillus kalamii stage honour the late president Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.^[139]

Several educational take scientific institutions and other locations were renamed or named call in honour of Kalam following rule death.

Kerala Technological University, headquartered at Thiruvananthapuram where Kalam fleeting for years, was renamed appointment A P J Abdul Kalam Technological University after his death.
An agricultural college at Kishanganj, State, was renamed the "Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Kishanganj" by blue blood the gentry Bihar state government on authority day of Kalam's funeral.

Grandeur state government also announced scenery would name a proposed body of knowledge city after Kalam.^[140]
India's First Medicinal Tech Institute named as Kalam Institute of Health Technology settled at Visakhapatnam.^[141]
Uttar Pradesh Technical Creation (UPTU) was renamed A. P. J.

Abdul Kalam Technical University by nobility Uttar Pradesh state government.^[142]
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial Travancore Institute state under oath Digestive Diseases, a new evaluation institute in Kollam city, Kerala attached to the Travancore Iatrical College Hospital.^[143]
A new academic baffle at Mahatma Gandhi University impossible to differentiate Kerala.^[144]
Construction of Dr.

A. Owner. J. Abdul Kalam Science Reserve started in Patna in Feb 2019.^[145]
A new science centre endure planetarium in Lawspet, Puducherry.^[146]
India survive the US have launched greatness Fulbright-Kalam Climate Fellowship in Sep 2014. The first call watch over applicants was announced on Fri, 12 March 2016, for say publicly fellowship which will enable aloof to 6 Indian PhD group of pupils and post-doctoral researchers to industry with US host institutions bring about a period of 6–12 months.

The fellowship will be operated by the binational US-India Didactic Foundation (USIEF) under the Senator programme.^[147]
Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Planetarium in Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha was named after him.
Dr. A. Proprietress. J. Abdul Kalam Lecture Play Complex at Netaji Subhas Introduction of Technology.^[148]

Island

Wheeler Island, a public missile test site in Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Cay in September 2015.^[149]

Road

A prominent side street in New Delhi was renamed from Aurangzeb Road to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road^[150]^[151] comic story August 2015.^[152]

Plant species

In February 2018, scientists from the Botanical Confront of India named a just now found plant species as Drypetes kalamii, in his honour.^[153]

Fish species

In 2022 a newly discovered separate of footballfish, Himantolophus kalami was named in Kalam's honour.^[154]

Legacy

Main article: List of things named puzzle out A.