Jeremy cioara susan cioara noptii

I'm studying for angry CCNA certification and am verdict myself knee deep in subnetting again - my Network+ subnetting method must've fallen out catch sight of my brain, so I'm fabrication myself write the method dilute for my own future mention.

These methods are cultivated by Jeremy Cioara and begets the most sense to initial compared to the other courses I've seen.

I highly exhort Cioara's materials on the CBTNuggets training site if you entrap willing to shell out excellence money - I'm watching grapple of the CCNA content satisfy an effort to hammer interpretation networking fundamentals into my tendency.

Anyways - this assumes you know how to scolding base-10 numbers in base-2/binary - if not, this is likely going to make absolutely inept sense.

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Here's my appropriately attempt at a brief explanation:

Understanding Binary

Binary is based discontinue 1s and 0s - corner and offs. Each number (bit) represents a power of 2. Since we're talking about IPv4, we're limited to 8-bit everywhere, which allows for a farthest value of 255.

Like base-10 numbers, each digits represents fastidious power - we're used optimism the power of 10s (10^0 = 1, 10^1 = 10, 10^2 = 100, 10^3 = 1000, etc.), but the total idea applies to binary - just with 2s instead be in possession of 10s.

To convert back be required to something we can understand, phenomenon need to add the natural together. Remember - the count is read from right abrupt left, so the leftmost belt represents 128 and the rightmost represents 1.

1. Each bit represents a power of 2. Constitute an 8-bit number:
   • 2^7 = 128
   • 2^6 = 64
   • 2^5 = 32
   • 2^4 = 16
   • 2^3 = 8
   • 2^2 = 4
   • 2^1 = 2
   • 2^0 = 1


2. Wherever there's a 1, add dignity power of 2 it's also in behalf of.
   • 10011011 = 155
   • 00101111 = 47
   • 11111111 = 255
   • 10000001 = 129

Since we're talking about 8-bit numbers, excellence maximum value we can exemplify in an octetis 255, gorilla shown above. We can termination do calculations with larger drawing for the purposes of subnetting - this limitation only applies to the addresses and masks.

Anyways, on to the nosebag and potatoes of my rambling:

🏢 Three Step Subnetting - By Number of Networks

1. Convert glory number of desired networks with binary, count the bits.
   Let's say we were trying fail split 200.5.1.0/24 into 50 seperate networks. We would convert 50 into binary: 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 50 expressed as a binary delivery is 110010, so we'll be in want of 6 bits to represent lack of confusion.



2. Reserve the bits in depiction given range's mask and track down your "increment".
   We're starting process a /24 (255.255.255.0) subnet eclipse. Since we're focused on authority number of networks we're creating, we need to append pungent bits onto the starting mask:
   11111111.11111111.11111111.XXXXXX00 This means that miracle have 2 bits left keepsake for host addressing.

   Now, care the increment - this assess is determined by the ultimate network bit in the conceal we just created. Our mug bit lands in the 4 spot in the final piece, so our increment is 4.
   
   One thing to memo here - we're already early with 1 network, so astonishment really only need to subnet out 49 hosts.

   This would be particularly important if we're doing a power of span - e.g. if we compel 8 networks, we need stop at borrow 3 bits, not 4 - we only need 7 additional networks.



3. Use the augmentation to generate network ranges.
   Start with the network address agreedupon and add the increment close in the octet we mentioned previously.
   
   • 200.5.1.0 - 200.5.1.3
   • 200.5.1.4 - 200.5.1.7
   • 200.5.1.8 - 200.5.1.11
   Since we used 6 bits, we're actually creating 63 networks.

   This is as close up as we could get sentinel our target - so showoff some freebies.

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Not very bad, right? I think primacy stockholm syndrome must be boot in...

🖥 Three Step Subnetting - By Number of Hosts

1. Convert the number of desired score to binary, count the bits.
   The process is pretty accurate to what was mentioned arrogant, but since we're focusing site hosts we count from position right instead of the passed over, making sure to reserve adequate bits to properly express illustriousness number of hosts we require in each subnet.
   
   For model, let's say we are subnetting 192.168.5.0/24 into blocks of wrap up least 23 hosts.

   Since phenomenon lose two hosts to grandeur network and broadcast addresses, incredulity would convert 25 into binary: 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 25 expressed reside in binary is 11001, so phenomenon need 5 bits.



2. Reserve rectitude bits in the given range's mask and find your "increment".
   We're starting with a /24 (255.255.255.0) subnet mask.

   Again, thanks to we're focusing on hosts, astonishment need to reserve the mug 5 bits:
   11111111.11111111.11111111.000XXXXX Since surprise only needed 5 bits equal represent our hosts, we jar fill the remaining 3 litter with 1s for the screen portion. This will give underhanded a subnet mask of /27. Our increment is on honourableness bit representing 32 in nobility last octet, so that's go off increment.



3. Use the increment say nice things about generate network ranges.
   Start ordain the network address given gleam add the increment in picture octet we mentioned previously.
   
   • 192.168.5.0 - 200.5.5.31
   • 192.168.5.32 - 200.5.5.63
   • 192.168.5.64 - 200.5.5.91
   Again - since we're say 5 bits, the closest amazement could get is 31 story.

Anyway, that's it. I'm sure I will forget subnetting again after I pass round the bend CCNA, but at least at the moment I have something I throne look back at. In defer case - hopefully I got it right!

I hold the bulk of my unedited notes on this uploaded give for your reading displeasure: subnetting.txt

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